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    <item>
      <title>Organisation des Regenerationsprozesses im Jahrestainingszyklus von Elite-Basketballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098619</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098619</guid>
      <author>Andreev, D.</author>
      <author>Konovalov, I.</author>
      <author>Parfenova, L.</author>
      <author>Andreev, V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingszyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jahr</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Andreev, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Konovalov, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Parfenova, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Andreev, V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to conduct an experimental evaluation of a model for organising the recovery process for student basketball players with competitive experience within a one-year training cycle.

Methods and structure of the study. The following methods were employed in this research: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaires, factor analysis, pedagogical experiments, modelling, testing, and methods of mathematical statistics.

The study was conducted at the Volga State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan (experimental group) and the Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel (control group). 30 qualified basketball players, members of university national teams, took part in the experiment, divided into two groups of 15 people each.

Results and conclusions. In the experimental group, a specially developed model for organising the recovery process was applied, whilst the athletes in the control group carried out recovery activities independently, following their coach`s recommendations. The effectiveness of the model for organising the recovery process was tested as part of a pedagogical experiment by examining changes in the indicators of physical, technical, functional and psychological fitness among qualified basketball players:

Physical fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in general and specific physical fitness indicators were recorded in the following ranges: 2.29-23.06% and 4.12-10.70%, respectively.

Technical fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in technical fitness indicators were recorded within the following range: 34.32-61.80%.

Functional fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in functional fitness indicators were recorded within the following ranges: respiratory system (spirometry) 12.55-21.62%; overall fitness (Wingate test) 10.26-23.12%; heart rate response to exercise 6.98-9.66%; Romberg`s test (stability platform) 13.84-37.69%, respectively.

Psychological fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in psychological fitness indicators were recorded within the range of 8.93-25.56%.

Improvements in all indicators studied were less pronounced in the control group.

The experimental model developed allows for the integration of recovery measures into the training process of elite basketball players, taking into account the loads they undergo (training and competitive), as well as the characteristics and specifics of the training periods within the annual cycle. The effectiveness of the model was verified by assessing changes in the indicators of physical, technical, functional and psychological fitness of skilled basketball players, where a more significant improvement in results was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group in virtually all indicators studied. Thus, based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the model for organising the recovery process for skilled basketball players in university basketball teams has proven its effectiveness following its trial.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ein Modell zur Bewertung der Effektivität der Schwimmtechnik im Training junger Sprintschwimmer</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098620</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098620</guid>
      <author>Maryin, I.</author>
      <author>Gridneva, E.</author>
      <author>Fetisov, V.</author>
      <author>Ponimasov, O.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Effektivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Anthropometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Maryin, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gridneva, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fetisov, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ponimasov, O.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to develop a model of swimming technique based on anthropometric factors, strength, power and the kinematic characteristics of young swimmers.

Methods and structure of the study. The study involved 24 young male swimmers aged 12.5±0.9 years, with 3.5 years` experience in competitive swimming, who regularly participate in regional competitions. A factor model of swimming technique effectiveness has been developed, taking into account current data on the factors determining the performance of young swimmers during the training phase of their preparation.

Results and conclusions. The factor model of swimming technique efficiency includes variables relating to total force, hydrodynamic power and the kinematic efficiency of the stroke, which account for 68.7% of the performance of young swimmers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Technisches, taktisches und spezielles körperliches Training für Taekwondo-Sportler</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098621</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098621</guid>
      <author>Simakov, A.</author>
      <author>Nifontov, M.</author>
      <author>Privalov, A.</author>
      <author>Izotov, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Taekwondo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vorbereitungsperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Simakov, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nifontov, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Privalov, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Izotov, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to analyse and synchronise technical and tactical skills with the specific physical fitness of taekwondo athletes during the preparatory training period.

Methods and structure of the study. The research comprised an analysis of scientific and methodological literature, a pedagogical experiment, and the statistical processing of experimental data. 10 athletes, members of the St Petersburg ITF Taekwondo Junior Team, took part in the Russian ITF Taekwondo Championships (19-23 March 2025 in Sochi). The athletes trained using a specialised methodology, incorporating circuit training. Tasks designed to improve technical and tactical skills were alternated with specialised physical training exercises using the repetition-interval method.

Results and conclusions. To determine the effectiveness of the specialised methodology aimed at synchronising the improvement of technical and tactical skills with the enhancement of taekwondo athletes` specialised physical fitness during the preparatory period, control tests were conducted to assess specialised physical fitness. Objective indicators of the development of specialised endurance confirm the validity of applying a specialised methodology aimed at synchronising the combined effects of improving the level of specialised physical fitness and enhancing the technical and tactical skills of taekwondo athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kriterien der schnellen Anpassungsfähigkeit im Judo während der Trainingsphase der Vorbereitung von Sportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098622</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098622</guid>
      <author>Rudenko, G.</author>
      <author>Tkachuk, M.</author>
      <author>Zaytsev, A.</author>
      <author>Savelev, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vorbereitungsperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eignung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rudenko, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tkachuk, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zaytsev, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Savelev, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify criteria for rapid trainability in judo athletes during the training phase of their preparation.

Methods and structure of the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the level of fitness, physical fitness testing was carried out, anthropometric measurements were taken followed by the calculation of physical development indices, and blood group determination was performed. The study was conducted at the Olympic Reserve Sports School in the Vasileostrovsky District of St Petersburg. A total of 34 judo athletes aged between 12 and 14 years, representing all weight categories and with between 3 and 7 years` experience in the sport, were examined.

Results and conclusions. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed the individual timeframes within which judokas achieved a specific level of sporting qualification, enabling them to be divided into two groups: fast learners and slow learners. It was found that the morphological indicators reliably distinguishing fast-training judokas include: low values for the Yarkho-Kaupe weight-height index, the Pigne index and the proportionality index, a normostenic body type, and belonging to blood group III (B). Fast-training judokas outperform slow-training judokas in physical fitness according to the results of two tests: push-ups and forward bends from a standing position on a gymnastics bench.

The data obtained can serve as criteria for the sporting selection of young judokas during the training phase.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss auditiver und sensorischer Reize - aus Subkulturen der zeitgenössischen Musik - auf den Funktionszustand junger Sportler</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098623</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098623</guid>
      <author>Marchik, L.</author>
      <author>Shurekov, V.</author>
      <author>Abubekyarov, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Musik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Reiz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreislauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herzfrequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blutdruck</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angst</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>auditiv</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>funktioneller Zustand</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Marchik, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shurekov, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abubekyarov, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This article examines the impact of contemporary music genres (rap, electronic music, rock) on the cardiorespiratory system, physical fitness levels and situational anxiety among student athletes aged 18-20. The functional state and mental health of young people are found to be most vulnerable to the negative effects of rock music compared to electronic music and rap.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung des morphologischen Profils junger Schwimmer mittels Bioimpedanzanalyse der Körperzusammensetzung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098624</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098624</guid>
      <author>Inake, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zusammensetzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körperbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körpermaß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Untersuchungsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskelphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Morphologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Bioimpedanzanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Körperfett</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Muskelmasse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Inake, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to determine the characteristics of body composition and phase angle in young athletes prior to commencing regular swimming training.

Methods and structure of the study. A bioimpedance analysis of the body composition of young athletes aged 7 (a total of 67 participants, comprising 25 girls and 42 boys) with no prior experience of regular swimming training was conducted. The ABC-01 `Medass` device was used to assess body fat mass, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle percentage, active cellular mass, phase angle and body type.

Results and conclusions. It has been established that in young athletes who are beginning to swim regularly, the key body composition parameters fall within the age-appropriate range. However, boys tend to have a higher proportion of lean body mass and a higher level of active cellular mass, whilst girls have a higher percentage of adipose tissue. Phase angle indices in both groups correspond to low values, reflecting the functional immaturity of cell membranes in children of this age. A predominance of the ectomeso-morphic body type was identified, indicating harmonious physical development and favourable conditions for young athletes to master swimming movements.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cortisolspiegel bei Sportlern während ihrer Anpassung an körperliche Belastung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098625</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098625</guid>
      <author>Shayhelislamova, M.</author>
      <author>Dikopolskaya, N.</author>
      <author>Sitdikova, A.</author>
      <author>Bilalova, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Cortisol</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Shayhelislamova, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dikopolskaya, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sitdikova, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bilalova, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to investigate cortisol excretion levels in boys aged 11-15 under conditions of increased physical exertion.

Methods and structure of the study. The study involved ice hockey players aged 11-15 and boys from a control group who were undergoing physical training as part of the general school curriculum. The excretion of bound (Cb) and free (Cf) cortisol in urine was studied. The concentration of Cb was determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay on microparticles using the ARCHITECT i optical system (manufactured in the USA). Free cortisol (Cf) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the URINARY `FREE` CORTISOL ELISA (EIA-2989) kit (manufactured in Germany). A functional test in the form of a graded bicycle ergometer exercise test was used.

Results and conclusions. Increased physical exertion is the dominant factor in the development of glucocorticoid function in the adrenal cortex of boys aged 11-15. High values of Cf and Cb in young ice hockey players, exceeding those of boys in the control group, indicate the stressful impact of physical exertion, particularly in the early stages of the training process. A decrease in Cf at the age of 15 against a background of stable Cb values, observed both at rest and following a controlled physical workload, may indicate the formation of a glucocorticoid reserve during training and an increase in children`s resistance to increased physical workload with age.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Verbesserung der Kraftfähigkeiten qualifizierter Gewichtheberinnen in der Vorbereitungsperiode des Jahrestrainingszyklus</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098626</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098626</guid>
      <author>Misbakhov, A.</author>
      <author>Usmanova, E.</author>
      <author>Kozhanov, V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gewichtheben</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vorbereitungsperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingszyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Explosivkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Misbakhov, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Usmanova, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kozhanov, V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study To develop practical recommendations for improving strength abilities, taking into account the nutrition and endocrine system performance of qualified female weightlifters.
Methods and structure of the study. We conducted a pedagogical experiment involving six female weightlifting masters of sport and three amateur athletes. The study was conducted at the Batyr Sports Complex in Kazan. We studied performance in competitive events (snatch and clean and jerk) and results in control exercises for explosive strength.
Results and conclusions. While studying the hormonal levels of female weightlifters during the preparatory period, we identified two types of hormonal imbalances: low triiodothyronine levels and high thyroxine levels. We developed a retracting microcycle for low triiodothyronine levels and high thyroxine levels. Improving strength abilities requires not only a well-designed training plan and high motivation, but also maintaining normal levels of endocrine hormones.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur Individualisierung des Trainingsprozesses für Moderne Fünfkämpferinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098627</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098627</guid>
      <author>Sevdalev, S. V.</author>
      <author>Vrublevskiy, E. P.</author>
      <author>Zavaley, I. V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Moderner Fünfkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>individuell</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingskonzeption</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Individualisierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sevdalev, S. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vrublevskiy, E. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zavaley, I. V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to develop and verify a conceptual framework for the individualization of training for elite female athletes specialising in modern pentathlon.

Methods and structure of the study. The research was conducted at the Olympic Sports Laboratory of Skorina Gomel State University. Personalised training models were developed for female pentathletes and tested in the training process of six highly qualified athletes (Master of Sport - International Master of Sport). Model effectiveness was assessed by the magnitude of statistically significant improvements in physical and functional fitness, as well as performance gains in pentathlon disciplines.

Results and conclusions. A conceptual framework for the individualization of female athletes` training in modern pentathlon was developed, incorporating personalised models of competitive activity, annual training cycle structure, and projected dynamics of specialised fitness levels for individual pentathletes, oriented towards achieving target values by the time of major competitions. The practical application of the developed models, based on consideration of individual competitive activity characteristics, morphofunctional and biorhythmological features of a specific athlete`s body, contributed to statistically significant improvements in fitness levels, performance gains in modern pentathlon disciplines, and successful performances at major national and international competitions in the 2024-2025 season.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analyse des Einflusses von Parametern des peripheren Sehens auf die Effektivität des Blockens bei qualifizierten Volleyballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098628</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098628</guid>
      <author>Lutkova, N. V.</author>
      <author>Makarov, Y. M.</author>
      <author>Pakholkova, N. V.</author>
      <author>Larionova, M. N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Effektivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auge</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielhandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Abwehr</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verteidigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Einflussfaktor</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>peripheres Sehen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Block</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lutkova, N. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Makarov, Y. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pakholkova, N. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Larionova, M. N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to substantiate the influence of peripheral vision on the effectiveness of blocking in qualified volleyball players.

Methods and structure of the study. During the experimental research, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the blocking actions of volleyball players from youth teams participating in the Saint Petersburg Championship 2024-2025. The analytical processing of data was carried out on the basis of 22 matches. At the first stage, the initial peripheral vision indicators of the volleyball players and the effectiveness of their actions at the block were determined. The Foerster perimeter method (white marker) was used as the main method for assessing peripheral vision. At the second stage, the experiment participants were offered specially developed sets of exercises aimed at improving the capacity of their peripheral vision and the influence of these indicators on blocking effectiveness. The study involved 22 volleyball players from the teams of the 'Ekran' Specialised Children's and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve and the V.A. Platonov Specialised Children's and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve No. 1 of the Kalininsky District, Saint Petersburg.

Results and conclusions. (1) The results of the study revealed the homogeneity (similarity) of the initial peripheral vision indicators of the volleyball players in both teams across eight control measurement points for the left and right eye. (2) Three main thematic sets of exercises aimed at the development of peripheral vision were identified (for the expansion of the field of vision without motor actions; for actions with two balls; and for movements with the ball). (3) It was revealed that an increase in the indicators characterising the development of the volleyball players' peripheral vision across all eight measurements for both eyes significantly improves the effectiveness of their blocking in the course of competitive activity. (4) The implementation of special exercises for the development of peripheral vision made it possible to achieve a significant increase in the effectiveness of blocking: the effectiveness indicator in the experimental group increased from 24.6±0.77% to 27.3±0.78%. At the 0.05 significance level, the statistical reliability of the differences between the average final values of the experimental (27.3±0.78%) and control (24.65±0.81%) groups was confirmed.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung der statokinetischen Stabilität von Sportlern in verschiedenen Sportarten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098629</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098629</guid>
      <author>Nazarenko, A. S.</author>
      <author>Mavliev, F. A.</author>
      <author>Karfik, V. R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stabilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportartenvergleich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Regulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Haltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kontrolle</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gleichgewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinetik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nazarenko, A. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mavliev, F. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Karfik, V. R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to determine the level and identify neuromotor mechanisms of statokinetic stability regulation in elite athletes across different types of sporting activity.

Methods and structure of the study. The research was conducted at the Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport at Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism. A total of 227 male subjects actively engaged in sport, with at least 9 years of experience and sporting qualifications ranging from second adult rank to Master of Sport of the Russian Federation, were examined. Statokinetic stability was assessed using a stabilometric platform with biofeedback in a state of relative rest.

Results and conclusions. A comparison of statokinetic stability indicators was conducted among elite athletes representing cyclic, precision, and situational sports, as well as non-athletes. Athletes in cyclic sports demonstrated higher mean linear velocities of centre of pressure oscillation and greater rates of change in the statokinesiogram area compared with representatives of precision and situational sports. Simultaneously, they exhibited the lowest values of the integrative "balance function quality" indicator. This is explained by more refined regulation of the statokinetic system and lower centre of pressure oscillation velocity in athletes from precision and situational sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analyse der Dynamik der maximalen Sauerstoffaufnahme beim kontinuierlichen und intervallartigen Schwimmen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098630</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098630</guid>
      <author>Kolganova, E. Y.</author>
      <author>Ponimasov, O. E.</author>
      <author>Mironov, A. O.</author>
      <author>Maryin, I. S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>maximal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Intervallmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Dauermethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kolganova, E. Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ponimasov, O. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mironov, A. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maryin, I. S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to compare the nature of physiological responses to continuous and interval training regimes in swimming to exhaustion.

Methods and structure of the study. Eleven qualified male swimmers were tested in continuous and interval swimming at maximum aerobic speed to exhaustion. Respiratory parameters, VO2max, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion were measured. The nature of physiological responses to continuous and interval training regimes in swimming to exhaustion was assessed by comparing these indicators.

Results and conclusions. Continuous and interval training regimes at maximum aerobic speed are both able to elicit the maximum VO2max response prior to exhaustion. Interval swimming consisting of 100-metre series with 15-second rest periods is an effective means of increasing the time during which maximum VO2 values are sustained and contributes to an increase in maximum oxygen uptake.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Merkmale technisch-taktischer Kombinationen im Wettkampf-Kickboxen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098631</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098631</guid>
      <author>Mironov, A.</author>
      <author>Gerasimov, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kampfsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kombination</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fuß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Abwehr</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Effektivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kickboxen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Mironov, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gerasimov, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the specific nature of technical and tactical combinations in kickboxing under situational conditions of competitive activity.

Methods and structure of the study. By means of the observation method, indicators were recorded for three categories of technical actions reflecting the level of situational and motor skills of kickboxers: hand strikes, kicks and defensive actions. The recorded data were entered into a special observation protocol, the form and structure of which were determined by the tasks, subject and aims of the study.

Results and conclusions. It has been established that the success of kickboxers' competitive activity is determined both by their technical and tactical training in the course of preparation, and by the influence of certain situational conditions arising during a competitive bout. The structuring of seven factors of competitive activity determines the directions for improving the situational effectiveness of kickboxing athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Kriterien für das spezialisierte Training hochqualifizierter Mittelfeldspieler und Stürmer im Fußball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098632</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098632</guid>
      <author>Galaktionov, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spezialisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Nationalmannschaft</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Stürmer</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Galaktionov, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to establish criteria for the specific fitness of highly skilled midfielders and forwards in football based on factor analysis data.

Methods and structure of the study. The study was conducted in 2024/2025. Thirty-two highly skilled footballers from the Russian youth team took part in the study. The players` ages ranged from 19 to 21. The study examined the indicators of the individual fitness profile of highly skilled footballers from the Russian youth team in preparation for short-term tournaments, as well as the prospects for optimising training and competitive activities based on the identification of factors that enabled the establishment of key criteria for the fitness of highly skilled midfielders and forwards.

Results and conclusions. As a result of factorising the intercorrelation matrix of the initial indicators, grouped according to playing position, a factor model was obtained, presented in Tables 1-2.

Analysis of the results of factor analysis among midfielder footballers showed that the physical fitness factor predominates. This factor explains 38.4% of the total variance and has the highest loadings on the following indicators: maximum lower-body strength; lower-body strength gradient; deadlift; and sit-ups. This component can be designated as the speed-strength training factor for midfielders. In this regard, it can be assumed that the structure of the training process for highly skilled footballers should be adjusted to increase the role of speed-strength and technical training, with training regimens focused on achieving an optimal level of development of the dominant aspects of fitness for players in various positions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Verzerrung der Bewertung des sportlichen Potenzials junger Fußballspieler unter Bedingungen altersbedingter Heterogenität</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098633</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098633</guid>
      <author>Korovin, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Alter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Differenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Einflussfaktor</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Talentidentifikation</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Korovin, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the features of distortion in the assessment of sporting potential of young football players under conditions of age-related heterogeneity and to substantiate the necessity of accounting for this factor when conducting sports selection.

Methods and structure of the study. The empirical basis of the study comprised data from the official team rosters participating in the competition "Moscow City Football Championship among sports school teams `Club League` of the 2026 season". The study involved 1,261 football players born between 2012 and 2016, representing 14 leading football academies of Moscow. The analysis was conducted based on data from the Regional Public Organisation "Moscow Football Federation". The study employed methods of statistical analysis, grouping and comparative assessment of the distribution of athletes by quarters of the calendar year. The methodological basis comprised provisions on the heterogeneity of biological development rates and their influence on the manifestation of motor abilities in the youth age group.

Results and conclusions. A pronounced shift in the distribution of football players by birth quarters was established: the share of players born in the first quarter was 52.2%, while the share of fourth-quarter representatives was 8.4%. The identified disproportion indicates the presence of a systematic distortion in the sports selection procedure caused by age-related heterogeneity. It was shown that athletes with a higher level of morphofunctional development at the current stage gain an advantage, which leads to the underestimation of potentially promising players. The obtained results confirm the necessity of introducing organisational-methodological approaches oriented towards accounting for individual developmental rates and improving the objectivity of sporting potential assessment.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Morphofunktionelle Modellmerkmale von Eishockeyspielern in verschiedenen Spielpositionen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098634</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098634</guid>
      <author>Morozov, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körpermaß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körperbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körperentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spezialsportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Morphologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Körpergröße</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Torwart</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Morozov, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to examine and substantiate model morphofunctional characteristics of ice hockey players across different playing positions.

Results and conclusions. As a result of analysing the height indicators of young ice hockey players with regard to the player`s position, it was revealed that the shortest players are goalkeepers; however, these values are not statistically significant, as the sample for this position was small. Forwards possess higher body length indicators.

Long-term preparation of young ice hockey players is impossible without knowledge of the morphofunctional characteristics of body development. The development of model characteristics is a priority task in organising the training process of young players in ice hockey across different positions, which creates all the necessary conditions for improving sporting mastery in training and competitive activities.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Analyse morphometrischer und hämodynamischer Indikatoren der Herzfunktion bei Hochleistungshandballspielern während der Wettkampfsaison</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098635</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098635</guid>
      <author>Sherstyuk, S.</author>
      <author>Sherstyuk, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreislauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Funktion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampfperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingszyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Morphologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Hämodynamik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>kardiovaskulär</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sherstyuk, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sherstyuk, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the dynamics of cardiac morphometric and haemodynamic parameters during the competitive period of the annual training cycle in an elite men`s handball team.

Methods and structure of the study. The study involved 19 elite athletes competing in the main squad of a team regularly participating in the Russian Men`s Handball Superleague Championship (EG - experimental group). Athletes` ages ranged from 18 to 32 years. Assessment of cardiac morphometric and haemodynamic parameters was conducted using echocardiography (ECHO-CG) as part of the Superleague team`s medical support. Diagnostic ultrasound equipment "Mindray Z60" was employed.

Results and conclusions. The dynamics of cardiac morphometric and haemodynamic parameters in professional handball players during the annual competitive cycle remained stable with a tendency towards increased efficiency, characterising their readiness to tolerate training loads of various orientations. Correlation analysis in the quantitative assessment of cardiac structures and chambers should be taken into account in the individualisation of the training process and in monitoring athletes` condition throughout the annual competitive cycle.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Besonderheiten des funktionellen Zustands von Athleten in verschiedenen Hochleistungssportarten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098636</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098636</guid>
      <author>Kogan, O.</author>
      <author>Galiullina, S.</author>
      <author>Gerasimova, D.</author>
      <author>Safina, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportartenvergleich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Emotion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angst</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Konflikt</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>funktioneller Zustand</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kogan, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Galiullina, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gerasimova, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Safina, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the functional state of athletes in various sports, characterising adaptation to increased physical and psycho-emotional overloads and to social environmental factors.

Methods and structure of the study. An analysis was carried out of the features of the professional sporting activity of representatives of various sports, based on the analysis of certain psychophysiological indicators in the inter-competitive period. For this purpose, the standard Lüscher and Cattell methods and the Ehlers questionnaire were used.

Results and conclusions. The study of the functional state of athletes in terms of indicators of anxiety, conflict and tension revealed their predominance in athletes of complex-coordination sports. High performance indicators have been established in representatives of game sports. The athletes of the martial arts group exhibited a higher motivation to achieve success.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Vergleichende Bewertung des psychophysiologischen Zustands von Trainern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098637</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098637</guid>
      <author>Galiullina, S.</author>
      <author>Kogan, O.</author>
      <author>Gerasimova, D.</author>
      <author>Safina, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastbarkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angst</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Emotion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Selbstkontrolle</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Galiullina, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kogan, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gerasimova, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Safina, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the psychophysiological qualities of coaches who have not previously participated in high-performance sport and of high-class athletes who have moved to coaching work after the completion of their career in high-performance sport, in terms of the level of their stress resistance, self-control, motivation, anxiety and performance in their subsequent professional activity.

Methods and structure of the study. An analysis of the features of the professional activity of coach-instructors was carried out on the basis of the results of our own studies and data from the scientific literature. In coaches of both groups, psychophysiological indicators were studied that characterise their state of adaptation to loads, using the following methods: Lüscher, Cattell, the Ehlers questionnaire, the proofreading test, the tapping test and the simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR). Levels of their anxiety, tension, conflict and other indicators were studied.

Results and conclusions. The study of psychophysiological indicators reflecting the state of adaptation of the body to physical and mental loads in coaches holding high sporting titles and amateur coaches who had not previously participated in high-performance sport, indicated a reliably higher level of anxiety and a certain decrease in physical performance in coaches of the main group compared with the control.

Since the level of adaptation of the body of those engaged in high-performance sport to increased loads is not unlimited, this gives rise to the necessity for strict medical monitoring of their health, both in their participation in sport and on transition to coaching and instructional activity.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Wettkampfsystem von Sprint-Skilangläufern des Spitzenbereichs bei der Vorbereitung auf und der Teilnahme an den XXIV. Olympischen Winterspielen 2022 in Peking (VR China)</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098638</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098638</guid>
      <author>Dubrovinskiy, S.</author>
      <author>Batalov, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Skilanglauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2022</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vorbereitungsperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampfperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dubrovinskiy, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Batalov, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to analyse the competition system of elite cross-country skiers at the stage of direct preparation for the Olympic Winter Games (OWG) 2022 in Beijing.

Methods and structure of the study. The factual material of the study was obtained through the analysis of the competition systems of the winners and medallists of the OWG 2022 at the World Cup (WC) stages in 2021/22. The characteristic features of the construction of such systems include the following: the total number of starts in the WC before the beginning of the OWG; the distribution of starts across WC periods; the ratio of starts in various competitive disciplines in the classical and free styles and their performance outcomes; participation in the multi-day WC tournament - Tour de Ski (8 starts over 10 days). The primary informational and documentary source was the materials of the official FIS website.

Results and conclusions. Sprint competitions at the 2022 Olympic Winter Games in Beijing were held in the free style on a ski course of 1,461 m for both men and women. Based on the results of the performances of cross-country skiers at the OWG 2022, it was noted that out of 6 possible medals awarded in the individual sprint, five medals were won by representatives of different countries: Sweden, Russia, the USA, Norway and Italy - which indicates a high level of competition in this discipline.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Retrospektive Analyse gruppentaktischer Aktionen in der Abwehr bei der Annahme des Aufschlags im Volleyball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098639</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098639</guid>
      <author>Savelyev, T.</author>
      <author>Ananin, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gruppe</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Abwehr</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Aufschlag</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Annahme</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Savelyev, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ananin, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Due to changes in the rules, coaches of high-level teams are developing new tactical options. However, these options have no scientific basis and are not used in the long-term training system of volleyball players. A contradiction arises. On one hand, there is a practical need to improve the training system. On the other hand, there is no understanding of how volleyball tactics will develop. The aim of the study is to determine the trends in the development of group tactical actions in defense when receiving a serve based on a retrospective analysis.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Struktur, Inhalt und Ausrichtung der körperlichen Vorbereitung von Elite-Eishockeyspielern im jährlichen Trainingsmakrozyklus</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098641</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098641</guid>
      <author>Rotenberg, R. B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsperiodisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsplanung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingszyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Makrozyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jahr</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rotenberg, R. B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to develop a model for the physical training process of high-level hockey players within a year-long training macrocycle, taking into account the dynamics of the ratio of general and special physical training at different stages of the sports season.

Methods and structure of the study. The empirical basis of the study consisted of training plans, schedules, and working materials from the SKA hockey club's training system. The structure and content of training programmes at various stages of the annual macrocycle were analysed.
To assess the dynamics of physical fitness, the study focused on general and specific endurance as key qualities that directly affect game performance. Monitoring was carried out using instrumental tests conducted both on and off the ice.
The choice of these tests was determined not only by their sensitivity to changes in the athlete's functional state, but also by their practical orientation - they allow us to judge the player's ability to perform technical and tactical actions at a high level of intensity, which is fundamentally more important than, for example, abstract indicators of lower limb muscle strength. We are not so much interested in `how strong the legs are` as in whether the attacker can run away from the defender and the defender can catch up with the attacker - and in this sense, `pure` running on the court and specific endurance tests better reflect the actual playing form.

Results and conclusions. An analysis of specialised sources has shown that a hockey player's ability to maintain a high pace of play throughout the match can be considered a key criterion of special endurance. Hockey is characterised by high intensity and the involvement of large muscle groups, which leads to significant energy expenditure. In this context, special endurance can be considered an integral indicator reflecting the player's level of functional readiness. At the same time, it should be emphasised that the study of this indicator does not exclude the importance of other components of physical fitness, but in the conditions of high competitive load of professional hockey, it is necessary to use optimised and applied monitoring methods.
It has been established that indicators of general endurance, which are closely related to the aerobic capacity of the body, tend to decrease during long tournament cycles, especially when there are a large number of away games. This can have an impact on the reduction in the speed of recovery and the overall level of adaptation of players.
At the same time, it was found that general endurance indicators do not show statistically significant differences depending on the players' positions and skill levels. At the same time, specific endurance indicators vary depending on the player's position and show a significant increase with the improvement of the hockey players' athletic skills, which confirms their high sensitivity and practical significance in the process of assessing functional status and planning training impact.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Psychophysiologische Kompatibilität von Rhythmischen Sportgymnastinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098642</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098642</guid>
      <author>Medvedeva, E. N.</author>
      <author>Golub, Y. V.</author>
      <author>Ageev, E. V.</author>
      <author>Baryaev, A. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rhythmische Sportgymnastik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Reaktionsschnelligkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Reaktion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fehler</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Medvedeva, E. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Golub, Y. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ageev, E. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baryaev, A. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the features of the psychophysiological compatibility of qualified athletes in rhythmic gymnastics group exercise teams with existing differences in the experience of joint sports activities.

Methods and structure of the study. Two teams of female athletes of rhythmic gymnastics group exercises took part in the scientific work, having differences in the experience of joint sports activities: team No. 1 had no experience of joint sports activities; team No. 2 had performed together for 2 years. To determine the components of psychophysiological compatibility, a battery of tests was used to assess the response time and conduct the object in command mode.

Results and conclusions. It revealed a shorter time for simple visual-motor reaction, reaction time to a moving object, the number of mistakes made in complex visual-motor reaction, and greater efficiency of joint object management for a team with experience in joint actions, which ensures the quality of competitive exercises.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von Foam-Rolling, statischem Dehnen und passiver Erholung nach dem Wettkampf auf die akute Erholung des kardioautonomen Nervensystems, der Hämodynamik und der neuromuskulären Funktionen bei Ringern der Nationalmannschaft</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098645</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098645</guid>
      <author>Güngör, A. K.</author>
      <author>Topcu, H.</author>
      <author>Yildirim, Y.</author>
      <author>Flatt, A,</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hilfsgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Dehnung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herzfrequenzvariabilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blutdruck</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Faszienrolle</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Güngör, A. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Topcu, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yildirim, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Flatt, A,</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Practical strategies that facilitate rapid restoration of cardiovascular and neuromuscular function are needed to support the short recovery window between matches in high-level wrestling tournaments. This study compared the effects of post-match foam rolling (FR), static stretching (SS), and passive rest (PR) on cardiac-autonomic, hemodynamic, and neuromuscular performance markers in national-level wrestlers. Sixteen male wrestlers (weight class range: 57-92 kg, = 5 years of wrestling experience) participated in this randomized crossover study. Recovery interventions were performed on separate days immediately following a maximal-intensity match simulation. Heart rate variability (HRV), brachial blood pressure (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) parameters were measured pre-match, post-match, immediately post-recovery, and 10 min post-recovery. Across all recovery methods, HRV parameters showed progressive but incomplete recovery following post-match reductions (p < 0.05), while transient post-match BP increases were followed by a hypotensive response (p < 0.05). CMJ parameters were reduced at all post-match time points, with the greatest impairment observed immediately post-recovery (p < 0.05). Although no condition × time interactions were observed (p > 0.05), Hedges` g effect sizes showed that at 10 min post-recovery, HRV parameters were higher for FR (g = 0.62-0.95), and to a lesser extent for SS (g = 0.54-0.69) versus PR. Mean arterial pressure was lower for FR versus PR (g = -0.69) at the same time point. While effect sizes suggest modest HRV recovery benefits favoring FR with neutral CMJ effects, the lack of statistical significance provides no conclusive evidence to recommend these modalities over PR for post-match recovery.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Positive Auswirkungen von Nickerchen auf die Stimmung und die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit bei jugendlichen Sportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098654</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098654</guid>
      <author>Souabni, M. J.</author>
      <author>Souabni, M.</author>
      <author>Hammouda, O.</author>
      <author>Driss, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Mittagsschlaf</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Souabni, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Souabni, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hammouda, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Driss, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Adolescent athletes often experience chronic sleep deprivation, impairing mood, cognitive and athletic performance. While napping benefits adults, its effects in adolescent athletes remain unclear. We examined whether a 60-min nap (NAP) improves mood, attention, and declarative learning in 12 male adolescent basketball players. They completed two randomized and counterbalanced conditions: NAP and control rest. Mood and subjective sleepiness were assessed in pre- and post-conditions and objective attention was measured after both conditions. Declarative learning was evaluated using word-pair task at baseline and after 4, 8, and 72 h. Objective sleep quality and quantity were measured via actigraphy. Napping enhanced attention (p = 0.006, d = 0.98, delta=+14.55%) and improved declarative learning at 4 h (p = 0.003, d = 1.09, delta=+8.40%) and 72 h (p = 0.021, d = 0.78, ?=+8.95%) retest. Mood parameters, including anxiety (p = 0.002, d = -1.18, delta = -41.72%), depression (p = 0.041, d = -0.63, delta = -48.45%), fatigue (p = 0.005, d = -1.02, delta = -53.84%) and vigour (p = 0.008, d = 0.94, delta=+37.5%) were enhanced in NAP compared to control condition. Subjective sleepiness decreased significantly in post-nap compared to pre-nap (p = 0.001, d = -1.36, delta = -32.81%) and to post-rest (p = 0.025, d = -0.75, delta = -27.11%). No adverse effects on objective subsequent nocturnal sleep were observed. Thus, parents, coaches, and sport scientists could integrate napping into the daily routines of adolescent athletes to optimize both academic and athletic performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede bei Kraft und Rollstuhlaktivitäten zur Beurteilung der Wettbewerbsgerechtigkeit für Rollstuhl-Rugby-Spielerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098655</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098655</guid>
      <author>Rietveld, T.</author>
      <author>Altmann, V. C.</author>
      <author>Hutchinson, M. J.</author>
      <author>Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Klassifizierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rollstuhlsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>isometrisch</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Differenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Rollstuhlrugby</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rietveld, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altmann, V. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hutchinson, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Wheelchair rugby (WR) is a mixed-sex sport, with a point-based classification system ranking players on arm-trunk impairment. Players are classified as low-point (LP, 0.5-1.5) or high-point (HP, 2.0-3.5). Teams are allowed four players on court with a total score =8.0; 0.5 point is added to this score per female on court. This study explored sex-based differences in strength and wheelchair activities in WR players. Twenty-four female and fifty-eight male international WR players completed six isometric strength tests and 3×10m sprints on-court. One-way ANOVAs compared performance differences between groups (LP, HP, Females, Males, No-trunk (NT), Trunk (TR)). Female-LP-players had significantly lower scores than Male-LP-players on elbow flexion (-47%), push (-46%) and pull (-37%) strength. Female-HP-NT-players had significantly lower scores than Male-HP-NT-players on elbow flexion (-64%), shoulder flexion (-56%), shoulder extension (-52%), push (-61%) and pull (-56%) strength. Female-HP-TR-players had significantly lower scores than Male-HP-TR-players on elbow flexion (-54%), shoulder flexion (-66%) and push (-66%) strength. No differences were found between sexes in 10m sprints, but sprint momentum showed clear differences. Female WR players had less strength compared to males, with more pronounced differences in HP-players. This strength disparity has direct implications on current international regulations, supporting compensation through competition rules.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Blutflussrestriktion bei geringer Belastung mit Gummibändern führt bei College-Basketballspielern während der Saison zu deutlich besseren Verbesserungen der Sprint- und Sprungleistung als das Training mit hoher Belastung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098656</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098656</guid>
      <author>He, T.</author>
      <author>Zhang, R.</author>
      <author>Chen, Z.</author>
      <author>Bei, J.</author>
      <author>Li, D.</author>
      <author>Sun, J.</author>
      <author>Li, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Durchblutung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>blood flow restriction training</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>He, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bei, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study compared low-load blood flow restriction with elastic bands (BFR-EBT) versus heavy-load training (HL-EBT) on performance in 18 Division I basketball players during a competitive season. Participants performed back squats twice weekly for 8 weeks at ~30% 1RM (BFR-EBT) or ~75% 1RM (HL-EBT). Significant Group × Time interactions were observed for CMJ height (p=0.031) and 30-m sprint time (p=0.014). BFR-EBT significantly optimized CMJ height (+3.4%; Hedges` g = 1.50) and sprint time (-0.8%; Hedges` g = -3.80). HL-EBT showed non-significant changes in CMJ (+1.8%) and sprint speed (+0.2%). Both groups achieved similar 1RM strength gains (p>0.05). Notably, BFR-EBT adaptations occurred with a 3.6-fold lower mechanical training load (p<0.001). Covariate analysis confirmed results were independent of playing time. Low-load BFR-EBT appears more effective than HL-EBT for optimizing power and speed in elite players while sparing mechanical load during a congested season. BFR-EBT represents a viable tool for in-season fatigue management.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Längsschnittanalyse der explosiven körperlichen Leistungsmerkmale von Profisportlern verschiedener Fußballvarianten: Eine Untersuchung systematischer Veränderungen und relativer Schwankungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098657</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098657</guid>
      <author>Murphy, A.</author>
      <author>Poulos, N.</author>
      <author>Arguedas-Soley, A.</author>
      <author>Lumley, N.</author>
      <author>Swinton, P. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>American Football</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Explosivkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Australian Football</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Murphy, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Poulos, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arguedas-Soley, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lumley, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Swinton, P. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate the within- and across-season changes in explosive physical performance outcomes including jump height (JH), relative peak power, and sprinting velocity for different football codes; 2) estimate associations between time-lagged training load variables and JH; and 3) quantify levels of within athlete variability and differences between codes. Retrospective physical performance, on-field, and S&C data were collected from 61 athletes across two professional sports teams (Australian Rules Football: n = 27; Rugby Union: n = 34). Mixed models with fixed effects of time (season and season stage), code, and position combined with random effects (athlete intercepts and slopes) were used to model changes over time. Additionally, athlete level linear regressions were conducted to describe individual variability. Regression coefficients describing systematic change were small with the largest coefficient identified for within-season JH (ß = 0.27 [95%CI: 0.08 to 0.46 cm]). Moderate to large negative correlations (r = -0.41 to -0.66) were obtained between random intercepts and slopes for all outcomes. Analysis of within athlete variability identified larger variation for Rugby Union and for latter stages of the season. Collectively, the findings show limited systematic changes in physical performance variables of professional football code athletes and any improvements may be dependent on baseline capacity.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cluster-Training im Vergleich zu traditionellem Krafttraining hinsichtlich Muskelkraft der unteren Extremitäten, Sprungleistung und explosiver Kraft: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098545</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098545</guid>
      <author>Kong, Z.</author>
      <author>Zhang, M.</author>
      <author>Xin, X.</author>
      <author>Chen, J.</author>
      <author>Zeng, B.</author>
      <author>Xie, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bein</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Explosivkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kong, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xin, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zeng, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective
Cluster Training (CT) has been a potential advantage over Traditional Resistance Training (TT) in improving lower-limb performance remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically compare the effects of CT and TT on lower-limb muscle strength, jumping, and explosive power performance in healthy adults, providing evidence-based guidance for the scientific design of strength training programs.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomised controlled trials published up to July 15, 2025. Eligible studies included healthy adults who underwent resistance training involving lower-limb exercises for at least four weeks, with the primary difference between groups being the set configuration. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias within a random-effects model framework using standardised mean differences assessment were performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16 software.

Results
A total of 25 studies comprising 573 participants were included. Pooled results indicated no statistically significant difference between CT and TT in lower-limb muscle strength (SMD = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.29 ~ 0.17; p = 0.59) or jumping performance (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI: - 0.07 ~ 0.47, p = 0.14). However, CT demonstrated a small effect size on lower-limb explosive power performance compared with TT (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.07 ~ 0.50, p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that in studies with longer training durations (9-12 weeks) and athletic populations, CT elicited smaller gains in lower-limb strength than TT. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, and publication bias tests showed no significant bias.

Conclusion
CT appears to be a viable alternative to TT with small advantages for explosive power performance under certain conditions, while strength and jump performance are broadly comparable. In long-term interventions and among athletes, CT may induce smaller improvements in strength compared with TT. Therefore, training goals, duration, and population characteristics should be carefully considered when incorporating CT into practice. Future research should further explore the long-term neuromuscular adaptations and individualized optimization of CT programs.

Trial registration
https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251090980.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Verletzungen beim Kitesurfen: Eine retrospektive Querschnittsstudie zu Verletzungsmustern nach Disziplin und Leistungsniveau unter Berücksichtigung von Ausfallzeiten und Leistungseinbußen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098546</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098546</guid>
      <author>Offerhaus, C.</author>
      <author>Hohage, A.</author>
      <author>Poehlmann, M.</author>
      <author>Balke, M.</author>
      <author>Ritzmann, R.</author>
      <author>Lambert, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Surfen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Statistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prävention</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Windsurfing</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Offerhaus, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hohage, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Poehlmann, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balke, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ritzmann, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lambert, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Despite the rapid growth of kitesurfing, there is a lack of comprehensive scientific research on injuries associated with the sport.

Hypothesis/purpose
To investigate the incidence and patterns of kitesurfing injuries, as well as their impact on time loss and performance reduction across the different subdisciplines and skill levels.

Methods
An online survey among kitesurfers assessed major injuries causing more than three weeks of time loss in kitesurfing, medical treatment, or work absence. Injury frequencies were analysed with reference to discipline, sex, and performance level. Severity was determined by time loss and performance reduction.

Results
3138 athletes reporting 3720 injuries were included into the study. The overall injury rate was 4.8 injuries per 1000 h kitesurfing, ranging from 65/1000 h for beginners to 1.1/1000 h for professionals. Besides cuts and abrasion (23%, n = 850), rib injuries (12%, n = 448), knee ligament injuries (6%, n = 237), foot and ankle fractures (5%, n = 193) and ligament injuries (5%, n = 174) and concussions (5%, n = 171) were most common in kitesurfing. Among the most common injuries, knee ligament injuries were associated with the highest time loss and reduction in performance.

Conclusion
While injury patterns differ by discipline and sex, athlete skill level emerged as the most relevant risk factor, with beginners facing a substantially higher injury risk than advanced or professional kitesurfers. The most severe injuries involved knee ligaments, lower extremity fractures, and rib trauma, resulting in considerable time loss and reduced performance. These findings highlight the need for skill level-adapted and discipline-specific injury prevention strategies.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Akute Auswirkungen des Flywheel-Widerstandstrainings auf die Sprung- und Sprintleistung: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse zu den Moderatoren "Trägheitsbelastung" und "Ruheintervalle"</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098547</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098547</guid>
      <author>Zhang, R.</author>
      <author>Li, H.</author>
      <author>Lu, D.</author>
      <author>Sun, J.</author>
      <author>Li, D.</author>
      <author>Huang, W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Widerstand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trägheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Intervallmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Schwungrad</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Postaktive Potenzierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lu, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the acute effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) on jump and sprint performance, and to examine the moderating roles of rest intervals and inertial loads.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted across seven electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane) from inception to February 22, 2025. The quality of included randomized controlled trials (including crossover designs) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis in Review Manager 5.4.1, with subgroup analyses performed for rest intervals and inertial loads. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251029079).

Results
Nine crossover trials were included. Overall, FRT had a small, significant positive effect on CMJ performance [SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: (0.03, 0.60)], but no significant effect on overall sprint performance [SMD = -0.03, 95% CI: (-0.29, 0.22)]. Subgroup analysis revealed enhancement effect on CMJ at rest intervals of 8-12 min [SMD = 0.55, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.93)] and when using inertial loads > 0.05 kg·m² [SMD = 0.48, 95% CI: (0.09, 0.88)]. No significant subgroup effects were found for sprint performance.

Conclusion
Flywheel resistance training induces a small, acute enhancement in jump performance, primarily through a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) mechanism, with significant effects observed at 8-12 min post-exercise. Greater benefits for jumping occurred with inertial loads > 0.05 kg·m², but no significant acute effect was observed for sprint performance. These findings are limited by low evidence certainty and restricted generalizability, necessitating further research with larger, diverse samples and standardized protocols.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss von selbstgewählten gegenüber standardisierten Aufwärmübungen auf die Leistung am Kanuergometer bei ungarischen Spitzenkanuten: eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Crossover-Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098548</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098548</guid>
      <author>Trájer, E.</author>
      <author>Katona, P.</author>
      <author>Kovács, B.</author>
      <author>Suskó, Á.</author>
      <author>Rakovics, M.</author>
      <author>Kováts, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kanusport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kanurennsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ungarn</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ergometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aufwärmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Trájer, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Katona, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kovács, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Suskó, Á.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rakovics, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kováts, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Warm-up strategies play a crucial role in enhancing athletic performance and preventing injuries, yet the optimal warm-up protocol for sprint kayaking remains unclear.

Methods
This study compared the effects of four different warm-up approaches—interval, increasing intensity, continuous, and self-selected—on performance in a 2-minute maximal kayak ergometer test among eleven elite male sprint kayakers. Each participant completed all warm-up types in a randomized order, followed by a 2-minute all-out time trial. Performance power output, heart rate, blood lactate levels, and subjective ratings of the warm-ups were measured.

Results
Results showed that the interval warm-up produced the highest average power output, significantly outperforming the increasing intensity warm-up. However, performance after the self-selected warm-up was not significantly different from the interval warm-up, and athletes rated the self-selected warm-up significantly better than the other warm-ups. Higher blood lactate concentrations measured immediately before the time trial were strongly associated with reduced performance regardless of warm-up type. The increasing intensity warm-up resulted in the highest pre-trial lactate levels and lowest performance.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that while structured interval warm-ups can enhance performance, self-selected warm-ups are appreciated by experienced sprint kayakers and can be implemented if blood lactate level is not excessively elevated. This study highlights the importance of balancing warm-up intensity to maximize performance without inducing premature fatigue.

Trial registration
Not applicable. This study did not involve a health care intervention and did not meet the criteria for clinical trial registration.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkungen von mikrodosiertem plyometrischem Training auf die Schnelligkeit und die explosive Leistungsfähigkeit von Fußballspielern während der Saisonvorbereitung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098549</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098549</guid>
      <author>Škorik, M.</author>
      <author>Kalina, T.</author>
      <author>Pupiš, M.</author>
      <author>Hrubý, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ghana</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>plyometrisches Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schnelligkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Countermovement-Sprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Škorik, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kalina, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pupiš, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hrubý, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Microdosed training distributes a given training stimulus into shorter, more frequent sessions. This study investigated whether a microdosed plyometric program produces similar adaptations to a traditional plyometric program when the total number of plyometric contacts is closely matched in elite youth football players.

Methods
In this quasi-experimental, two-group study, twenty-four elite U19 players were allocated to a traditional training group (TRG, n = 12, 2 sessions·week-¹, ~ 40 min·session-¹) or a microdosed group (MDG, n = 12, 3-4 sessions·week-¹, ~ 20 min·session-¹). Allocation was nonrandomized and matched on countermovement jump (CMJ) height and modified reactive strength index (RSI mod) from a drop jump (DJ), with standing broad jump (SBJ) used as a tiebreaker. Total plyometric contact volume was closely matched over an 8-week intervention. Primary outcomes were 30 m sprint mechanical outputs (1080 Sprint: peak speed, peak force, peak power), DJ RSI mod, and CMJ metrics. Secondary outcomes were the 15-0-5 change of direction (CoD) test outputs (time, acceleration, and deceleration), and SBJ. Within-group pre-post changes were tested using paired t-tests and between-group comparisons using independent t-tests on change scores (a = 0.05). Nonparametric tests were conducted as sensitivity analyses. Effect sizes are reported as absolute Hedges` g (|g|).

Results
Primary outcomes improved in both groups: DJ RSI mod increased by 14.3% (TRG) and 12.5% (MDG), CMJ height by 4.5% and 9.6%, and 30 m sprint peak speed by 2.3% and 2.5% (within-group |g| = 0.02-1.09). Secondary outcomes were mixed across SBJ and 15-0-5 metrics (within-group |g| = 0.00-1.17). Between-group comparisons of change scores showed no evidence of differences (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions
With closely matched total plyometric contacts, analyses showed no evidence that short-term adaptations differed between microdosed scheduling and a two-session format in U19 players. Microdosing may allow the same weekly dose to be delivered in shorter, more frequent sessions when scheduling is constrained.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07193706). Retrospectively registered on 18 September 2025.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Psychische Gesundheit und ihr Zusammenhang mit dem Verletzungsrisiko bei jugendlichen Spitzensportlern - eine prospektive Kohortenstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098550</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098550</guid>
      <author>Lindman, I.</author>
      <author>Mohammadzadijaran, E.</author>
      <author>Baranto, A.</author>
      <author>Abrahamson, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Risikofaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>mentale Gesundheit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lindman, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mohammadzadijaran, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baranto, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abrahamson, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Adolescent athletes face an increased risk of both sports-related injuries and mental health challenges. With the rising prevalence of these issues, understanding their interaction is increasingly important. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health of adolescent athletes, examining differences by sex and type of sport. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the association between mental health and sports-related injuries.

Methods
A prospective study including elite adolescent athletes between 16-19 years old. Mental health was assessed by the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) to capture mental wellbeing and one additional question assessing perception of poor mental health. Prospective injury was defined as any self-reported physical complaint by the athlete. Logistic regression analysis was performed to study the influence of mental health variables as potential risk factors for injuries.

Results
A total of 171 athletes were included (16-19 years), where 48% reported having had a severe injury past year. Mental health issues were significantly more prevalent among females (36%), who also had a significantly lower mean SWEMWBS score compared with males. Female ice hockey players reported significantly higher rates of self-reported periods of poor mental health (p = 0.03) and lower SWEMWBS scores compared to their male counterparts (p < 0.001). Athletes who reported a new injury during the follow-up had significantly lower SWEMWBS score compared with injury-free athletes (p = 0.01). No other association was found between injuries and mental illness or the SWEMWBS score.

Conclusion
This study found that one-fourth of adolescent athletes reported at least one period of poor mental health, with a significant overrepresentation of female athletes. Notably, female ice hockey exhibited both higher rates of poor mental health and lower scores of mental wellbeing compared with their male counterparts. Regarding injuries, lower SWEMWBS score was found among athletes who reported new injuries during the follow-up. These findings highlight the need for increased awareness and targeted mental health support within youth sports, particularly for female athletes. Future research should further investigate the underlying causes of these disparities and explore effective prevention and intervention strategies to promote mental wellbeing among adolescent athletes.]]></content:encoded>
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      <title>Hochintensives Intervalltraining verbessert den reaktiven Kraftindex und die motorischen Fähigkeiten junger Fußballspieler</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098551</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098551</guid>
      <author>Kizilca, S.</author>
      <author>Kahraman, M. Z.</author>
      <author>Okut, S.</author>
      <author>Arslan, E.</author>
      <author>Bilici, Ö. F.</author>
      <author>Çelik, I.</author>
      <author>Islen, T.</author>
      <author>Altintas, S.</author>
      <author>Bilici, M. F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Intervallmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsfertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>HIIT</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>motorische Fähigkeiten</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kizilca, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kahraman, M. Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Okut, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arslan, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bilici, Ö. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Çelik, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Islen, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altintas, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bilici, M. F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of a four-week running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention on the reactive strength index (RSI) and motor abilities in youth football players. In this context, the contributions of the running-based HIIT protocol HIIT protocol, implemented in addition to regular football training, were evaluated on performance indicators such as speed, back strength, change of direction (COD), and countermovement jump (CMJ). This study aims to contribute to the development of scientifically grounded training programs to support performance improvement in youth football players.

Methods
A quantitative research design was employed in this study, specifically a randomized pretest-posttest controlled experimental design. Twenty male youth football players, aged 11-13 years, who voluntarily participated in the study were randomly allocated to either the experimental group (EG; n = 10) or the control group (CON; n = 10). The EG participated in a running-based HIIT program three times per week for four weeks by replacing a low-to-moderate-intensity technical-tactical segment of their regular football training, whereas the CON continued with only regular football training during this period without any additional training volume. The players underwent RSI, 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m sprint tests, back strength tests, the Illinois Agility Test, and CMJ tests both before the training sessions and at the end of the four-week intervention.

Results
According to the repeated-measures ANOVA results, pretest values did not differ significantly between the groups (p > .05). Over the 4-week period, significant improvements with large effect sizes were observed in RSI, sprint performance (10, 20, 30 m), back strength, COD, and CMJ tests (p < .05; np² = 0.29-0.55). Significant group × time interactions were also detected for all variables, again with large effect sizes (p < .05; np² = 0.20-0.30), indicating greater improvements in the EG compared to the CON. However, despite these favourable within-group changes, between-group post-test comparisons did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
This study revealed that a 4-week HIIT intervention applied to youth male football players had positive effects on the RSI and motor abilities, as evidenced by large within-group improvements and significant group × time interactions, despite the absence of statistically significant between-group post-test differences. These findings suggest that HIIT protocols should be integrated into training programs as an effective strategy to improve explosive strength, COD, and overall functional performance in young athletes.

Trial registration
This randomized controlled trial was retrospectively registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN45188963) on 16 July 2025 due to administrative delays during ethics approval and registry processing.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Klinische Anwendungen der auf tragbaren Sensoren basierenden Ganganalyse bei Sportlern: eine systematische Übersicht zur Verletzungsprävention und Rehabilitation</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098552</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098552</guid>
      <author>Seifi, V.</author>
      <author>Tavana, M. M.</author>
      <author>Soltani, S.</author>
      <author>Asgari, A. M.</author>
      <author>Ardestani, D. K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prävention</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rehabilitation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsmerkmal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Ganganalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Seifi, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tavana, M. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Soltani, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Asgari, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ardestani, D. K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Gait analysis is fundamental for optimizing athletic performance and mitigating injury risks in sports medicine. While traditional laboratory assessments offer insights, the emergence of wearable sensor technology provides novel opportunities for objective, real-time gait evaluation in ecologically valid settings. This systematic review aims to (1) evaluate the clinical efficacy of wearable sensor-based gait analysis for injury prevention in athletes (2), examine its role in rehabilitation monitoring and clinical decision-making, and (3) identify methodological limitations and future research priorities required for standardized clinical integration.

Methods
Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase from inception to May 31st, 2025. Studies investigating wearable sensor-based gait analysis in athletic populations for clinical applications (injury prevention, diagnosis, rehabilitation, or performance-related decision-making) were included. Data on study design, participant characteristics, sports, clinical conditions, sensor types, and gait parameters were extracted.

Results
From 2678 initial records, 22 studies (14 comparative, 8 non-comparative observational) met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 1040 participants: 841 athletes (weighted mean age: 25.7 years) and 199 healthy controls (weighted mean age: 31.4 years). Running (7 studies) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (6 studies) were the most frequently investigated sport and clinical condition, respectively. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) were the predominant sensor technology (59.1%), primarily assessing parameters like tibial shock, vertical ground reaction force, and spatio-temporal variables. Wearable sensors demonstrated emerging evidence of utility in identifying biomechanical alterations indicative of injury risk, monitoring fatigue, and guiding rehabilitation protocols. Key challenges identified include heterogeneity in methodologies, data accuracy concerns, and the need for standardized reporting.

Conclusion
Wearable sensor-based gait analysis shows emerging evidence of providing objective biomechanical insights that may support injury risk assessment and rehabilitation monitoring in athletic populations. Evidence from moderate-quality observational studies indicates that simple, well-placed sensors may yield clinically meaningful information on loading and spatiotemporal control, complementing standard examination and decision-making in sports medicine. In practice, tibial accelerometers may be particularly useful for monitoring impact loads relevant to bone stress injuries, while trunk-mounted inertial measurement units show promise for providing spatiotemporal parameters to guide rehabilitation and return-to-play decisions. These applications are feasible in team and clinical environments, require minimal setup, and provide repeatable metrics that can directly inform athlete management. Broader adoption, however, will depend on improving methodological consistency, reporting standards, and integration with other clinical data sources. Future work using adequately powered samples and standardized sensor protocols will be essential to strengthen the evidence base and support clinical implementation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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      <title>Vergleich der Auswirkungen von statischem Dehnen, PNF, MET, Graston und Foam Rolling auf die Flexibilität der hinteren Oberschenkelmuskulatur bei jugendlichen Fußballspielern: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098553</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098553</guid>
      <author>Hosseini, S. M.</author>
      <author>Rezaei, H.</author>
      <author>Razmjoo, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Dehnung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beweglichkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Faszienrolle</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hosseini, S. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rezaei, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Razmjoo, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background & purpose
One of the common injuries in soccer is hamstring strain, so improving hamstring flexibility can partially prevent the occurrence of these injuries. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of six weeks of static stretching (SS), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), muscle energy technique (MET), gross tonic technique (GT), and foam rolling (FR) on hamstring flexibility in adolescent male soccer players.

Methods
Ninety male soccer players (mean aged = 13.01 ± 1.11 years) were randomly assigned to five intervention groups and a control group (n = 15 each), underwent a 6-week intervention, with flexibility assessed pre- and post-intervention using a universal goniometer and the active knee extension test.

Results
One-way ANCOVA, controlling for pretest values, showed a significant difference between groups (F(5, 83) = 22.79, p < 0.001, n² = 0.57). All intervention groups showed significant improvement compared to control (p < 0.001). The GT group was superior to MET (p = 0.01; Cohen`s d = - 1.23), PNF (p = 0.004; Cohen`s d = - 1.40), and FR (p = 0.02; Cohen`s d = - 1.19), but no difference was observed with SS (p > 0.05; Cohen`s d = - 0.75).

Conclusion
All methods improved hamstring flexibility, but GT was the most effective (except when compared with SS). These findings suggest the potential use of GT in training programs to reduce injury and improve performance in adolescent soccer players. However, since the study included only adolescent male players and no long-term follow-up was performed, generalizability is limited.

Trial registration
Registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; registration number: IRCT20240306061185N2; date of registration: 08/03/2024.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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      <title>Asymmetrische knöcherne Hüftmorphologie bei asymptomatischen Profi-Baseball-Pitchern: eine Querschnitts-Kohortenstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098554</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098554</guid>
      <author>Fuchs, R. K.</author>
      <author>Mehling, C.</author>
      <author>Kight, E.</author>
      <author>Pinchock, A.</author>
      <author>Palmer, A. J. R.</author>
      <author>Fernquest, S. J.</author>
      <author>Warden, S. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Baseball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hüfte</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Krankheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Störung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Asymmetrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Pitcher</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Morphologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Fuchs, R. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mehling, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kight, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pinchock, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Palmer, A. J. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernquest, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Warden, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Cam (femoral head asphericity) and pincer (acetabular overcoverage) morphologies at the hip are risk factors for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and labral tears. Baseball pitchers repetitively load their hips during throwing which may place them at risk of developing cam or pincer morphology. These morphologies may develop asymmetrically as baseball pitchers load one hip more than the other during throwing.

Methods
A cross-sectional cohort study compared bilateral bony hip morphology in asymptomatic male professional baseball pitchers (n = 16) and cross-country runner controls (n = 15). Cam morphology (alpha angle at 12, 1, 2, and 3 o`clock positions), and acetabular lateral center-edge angle and version were assessed from computed tomography images of the hip in the drive leg (i.e., leg on the same side as the pitching or preferred throwing arm) and contralateral stride leg.

Results
Maximum alpha angle (adjusted for body mass and age) across clock positions in the drive and stride legs of pitchers was 71.7° (95%CI, 57.6° to 85.8°) and 54.3° (95%CI, 39.1° to 69.5°), respectively (adjusted p value = 0.01). There were no differences in alpha angle between legs in runners or between stride legs in pitchers and runners. Pitchers were 8.8 (95%CI, 1.5 to 36.6) times more likely to have a cam morphology (alpha angle = 60°) at one or more clock positions in a hip compared to runners. There was a greater frequency of an alpha angle = 60° at the 3 o`clock position in the drive compared to stride leg of pitchers (p = 0.03). The drive leg in pitchers also had a greater frequency of an alpha angle = 60° at one, two, or three clock positions compared to the stride leg (all p < 0.05). The drive leg in pitchers had a lower frequency of elevated lateral center-edge angle compared to the stride leg (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers exhibited a greater prevalence and larger cam morphology in the drive leg on the same side as the throwing arm compared to the contralateral stride leg. Whether the observed morphological variations have long-term consequences in terms of the development of pain and joint damage requires further investigation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen einer dreiwöchigen Aufwärmmaßnahme mit Foam-Rolling auf die Dorsalflexionswerte des Sprunggelenks und die Sprungleistung bei jungen Rhythmischen Sportgymnastinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098555</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098555</guid>
      <author>Belmonte, G.</author>
      <author>Patti, A.</author>
      <author>Di Mitri, I. R.</author>
      <author>Gervasi, M., Formiglio, E.</author>
      <author>Fernández-Peña, E.</author>
      <author>Thomas, E.</author>
      <author>Bianco, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rhythmische Sportgymnastik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aufwärmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hilfsgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beweglichkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fuß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Faszienrolle</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Belmonte, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Patti, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Di Mitri, I. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gervasi, M., Formiglio, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernández-Peña, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Thomas, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bianco, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Few studies have analyzed the medium- to long-term effects of warm-up protocols on biomechanical and performance parameters in athletes. This study evaluated the effects of a 3-week foam rolling (FR) protocol integrated into the initial phase of the warm-up on ankle dorsiflexion parameters and jumping performance through the countermovement jump test (CMJ) in young rhythmic gymnasts.

Methods
Twenty-six female young rhythmic gymnasts who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study and were divided into the FR group (n = 12; Age = 13.2 ± 2.59 years; Height = 152.3 ± 13.34 cm; Weight = 39.9 ± 11.22 kg) or the C (Control) group (n = 14; Age = 13.4 ± 2.17 years; Height = 149.5 ± 13.33 cm; Weight = 40.6 ± 10.14 kg). An initial evaluation (T0) and an evaluation after the 3-week FR warm-up protocol were conducted. An inertial sensor was used to analyze ankle dorsiflexion using the following parameters: range of motion (ROM) (°), angular velocity (°/s), and fluency index (0-1). An optical detection sensor detected the jump height and flight time of the CMJ test.

Results
Significant differences were found between T0 and T1 in the FR group and between the FR group and the C group at T1. Significant between-subject interaction effects (F = 32.58; p < 0.001; np2 = .576) and group-by-time interaction effects (F = 9.73; p < 0.01; np2 = .288) were found. Specifically, significant enhancements in CMJ performance (p < 0.001) and angular dorsiflexion velocity of the right ankle (p < 0.05) were noted after the intervention in the FR group.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a 3-week FR intervention incorporated into the warm-up routine of young rhythmic gymnasts led to an increase in jump performance, but not in ankle dorsiflexion ROM parameters. Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of warm-up on biomechanical parameters using longer FR protocols.

Trial registration
NCT07113249. Registration date: 02/08/2025.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkungen der französischen Kontrastmethode auf die Explosivkraft und geschwindigkeitsbezogene Fähigkeiten bei Fußballspielerinnen: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098556</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098556</guid>
      <author>Aslan, T. V.</author>
      <author>Aygun, Y.</author>
      <author>Tufekci, S.</author>
      <author>Yagin, F. H.</author>
      <author>Buyukcelebi, H.</author>
      <author>Ahmad, I.</author>
      <author>Ardigò, L. P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Agilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schnelligkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Explosivkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kontrastmethode</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Aslan, T. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aygun, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tufekci, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yagin, F. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Buyukcelebi, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ahmad, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ardigò, L. P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the addition of a 6-week French Contrast Method (FCM) to routine soccer training affects agility, vertical jump height and 30-m sprint performance in female soccer players.

Methods
A pretest-posttest control-group design was used. Twenty-four female soccer players (= 3 years of playing experience; regular training) participated. The experimental group performed a 6-week FCM program in addition to routine soccer training, while the control group continued routine soccer training only. Agility, vertical jump and 30-m sprint tests were administered at baseline and post-intervention. Within the scope of the study analyses, the primary outcomes (agility, vertical jump, and sprint performance) were derived from within-group pretest-posttest comparisons, whereas the secondary outcomes were obtained from findings related to the participants` descriptive characteristics.

Result
The group × time interaction was found to be significant in the Illinois Agility Test (F = 16.813, p = 0.0004, np² = 0.433). Performance time decreased from 18.44 ± 0.59 s to 17.09 ± 0.36 s (delta = -1.35 s) in the experimental group, while the change was limited in the control group (delta = -0.22 s); the mean difference between groups was - 1.13 s (95% CI: -1.54 to - 0.72). A significant group × time interaction was also detected in vertical jump performance (F = 12.415, p = 0.002, np² = 0.361), with an increase of + 3.31 cm in the experimental group and + 0.77 cm in the control group (between-group difference: +2.54 cm; 95% CI: -0.64 to 5.72). In contrast, the group × time interaction was not significant for the 30 m sprint performance (F = 0.869, p = 0.361, np² = 0.038).

Conclusion
These results indicate that the FCM training program is effective in improving female soccer players` agility and vertical jump performance, but does not create a significant difference between groups in 30 m sprint performance. These findings not only extend the scientific literature but also provide actionable strategies for coaches and practitioners.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Leistungsprofile und Schwankungen von Spiel zu Spiel bei den anspruchsvollsten Spielzügen während der FIFA-Weltmeisterschaft 2022 in Katar: Der Einfluss von Spielpositionen und kontextbezogenen Faktoren des jeweiligen Spiels</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098557</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098557</guid>
      <author>Cortez, A.</author>
      <author>Yousefian, F.</author>
      <author>Folgado, H.</author>
      <author>Brito, J.</author>
      <author>Abade, E.</author>
      <author>Travassos, B.</author>
      <author>Gonçalves, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>2022</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsstruktur</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Cortez, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yousefian, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Folgado, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brito, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abade, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Travassos, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonçalves, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Understanding how player performance profiles and match-to-match variability differ across playing positions in short competitions can provide insight into how players adapt to dynamic, match-related environments. This study investigated the most demanding passages of kinematic (running distance; MDPk) activity during the 2022 FIFA World Cup, focusing on player profile and match-to-match variability for five different positions and considering various contextual factors: tournament phase, team ranking, match status, and match outcome. The MDPk (> 15 km/h) was identified across three rolling average durations (1-, 3-, and 5-minutes(min)) and analyzed according to its constituent variables, moderate-speed running (MSR), high-speed running (HSR), and sprinting (SPR), as well as the total distance covered (TD) within each epoch. Effect sizes were used to assess differences in player performance profiles and match-to-match variability across positions according to all contextual factors. Regarding players` performance profiles, trivial to moderate effects were observed across all contextual factors, with a stronger influence in match status. Where higher distances were recorded, when the team was winning, for full-backs in the 5-min window TD (d = -0.41 [-0.61; -0.21]), and MSR (d = -0.42 [-0.62; -0.22]) and for center forward in the 3-min window SPR (d = -0.58 [-0.87; -0.28]). All positions showed small to large match-to-match variability effects across different contexts. This was particularly evident for top tier teams, where higher variability was noted in the 1-min window for central defenders in TD (d = -0.51 [-1.12; -0.01]), MDPk (d = -0.74 [-1.32; -0.17]) and SPR (d = -0.71 [-1.17; -0.12]). Similar achieved by central midfielder, with higher variability in MDPk in 3-min window (d = -0.55 [-1.07; -0.07]) and 5-min window (d = -0.79 [-1.35; -0.24]). These findings provide deeper insight into MDP profile and variability for each position based on different rolling average durations and specific contextual factors during an international tournament, thereby offering valuable context for player performance analysis.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Spitzensportler im Felsklettern weisen frühe Anzeichen degenerativer Veränderungen der Wirbelsäule auf; vertiefte Analyse mittels quantitativer MRT</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098558</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098558</guid>
      <author>Hedelin, H.</author>
      <author>Identeg, F.</author>
      <author>Nilsson, A.</author>
      <author>Hebelka, H.</author>
      <author>Lagerstrand, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportklettern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirbelsäule</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsapparat</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schaden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Orthopädie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>MRT</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Biomarker</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hedelin, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Identeg, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nilsson, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hebelka, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lagerstrand, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background

Climbing has emerged as an increasingly popular competitive sport, leading to more demanding training regimens that often begin at a younger age. Competitive climbing training contains elements that, based on evidence from other sports, could predispose athletes to early degenerative changes in the spine. The one previous report that exists on this subject could not demonstrate any significant difference between elite climbers and controls. The present study employs objective quantitative measurements with the aim to detect early spinal changes in climbing athletes.
Methods

Fifteen climbers consisting of the Swedish national team and a group training for selection to the national team [age mean (Standard Deviation, SD): 23.1(3.2) years; 7 men] were included. A control group, matched in age and sex [24.3(1.5) years; 7 men], were recruited.

Participants were scanned with a 1.5 T MRI system using standard spine protocols, including sagittal T1- and T2-weighted imaging covering Th1 to S1. Data-driven analysis of the T2-weighted images was performed to extract signal mean from midsagittal disc slices, both for the whole inner region and for subregions in the anterior to posterior direction.
Results

Significant differences in disc signal intensity between climbers and controls were observed both globally and across specific subregions. The difference was most prominent at the thoracolumbar junction (p<0.05 in T10-L4 and p<0.01 T12-L2) with lower signal levels in the climbing group. In the subregion analysis, the central region, representing the nucleus pulposus, showed the greatest difference between groups.
Conclusions

The present method identified early signs of disc degeneration in the thoracolumbar spine of elite level climbers compared to controls. The signal reduction, representing disc dehydration, was identified in multiple discs and was more pronounced in the thoracolumbar junction and in the central parts of the discs. As disc dehydration is a recognized risk factor for annular fissures and other degenerative changes, these findings may reflect early stress-related degeneration associated with high training loads in climbing athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Elektromyographische Aktivität der Muskeln der posterioren schrägen Muskelschlinge beim Hochgeschwindigkeitslauf bei Elitefußballspielern: Risikofaktoren für Hamstringverletzungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098559</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098559</guid>
      <author>Sebyani, M.</author>
      <author>Minoonejad, H.</author>
      <author>Shirzad, E.</author>
      <author>Alizadeh, M. H.</author>
      <author>Sarvestan, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aktivierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Risikofaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>high-speed</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sebyani, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Minoonejad, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shirzad, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alizadeh, M. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sarvestan, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective
This study examined how changing Posterior Oblique Sling muscles (POS) activity during the Prone Hip Extension (PHE) test can influence the activity of POS muscles and the risk of hamstring injury during high-speed running.

Method
Twenty-four male soccer players were divided into Non-Delayed (NDG, N = 13) and Delayed groups (DG, N = 11) (delay in activation of hamstring and gluteus maximus) based on activity patterns of POS muscles (Gluteus Maximus (GM), Hamstring muscles (H), and contralateral Lumbar Erector Spine (CLES)) during the PHE test. Then, they ran on a treadmill at 20 Km/h, and muscle activity of these muscles was recorded. Before recording muscle activity, we omitted participants with limited range of motion (ROM) to eliminate the effect of ROM on muscle activity patterns.

Results
Results showed that GM activities were significantly higher in the NDG at 7-10% of the running cycle, while the DG had greater GM activities at 55-62%. Semitendinosus (ST) activities were significantly higher in the DG at 45-70%, and the NDG exhibited greater ST activities at 95-100%. Biceps Femoris (BF) activities were significantly higher in the DG at 0-15% and 95-100%, while the NDG had higher BF activity at 45-62%. BF -to-GM activity ratio was significantly higher in the DG at 7-11%, and BF -to-Contralateral Lumbar Erector Spine (CLES) activity ratio was higher in the NDG at 52-55%.

Conclusion
Athletes in DG may have different POS muscle activity patterns compared to NDG, which may increase hamstring injury risk compared to the NDG due to observed activity patterns.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Bewusstsein für mentale Ermüdung und der effektiven Entscheidungsfähigkeit von Sportlern: Die Rolle vermittelnder und moderierender Variablen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098560</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098560</guid>
      <author>Kara, N. S.</author>
      <author>Kara, M.</author>
      <author>Dönmez, A.</author>
      <author>Kiratli, T.</author>
      <author>Çelebioglu, H. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewußtheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entscheidungsverhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kara, N. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kara, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dönmez, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kiratli, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Çelebioglu, H. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined the mediating role of psychological well-being and the moderating roles of gender and sport type (individual vs. team) in the relationship between mental fatigue awareness and intrinsic decision-making in 540 Turkish athletes. Research data were collected online via three different measurement tools. Results indicated a significant indirect effect of mental fatigue awareness on intrinsic decision-making through psychological well-being (indirect effect ß = -0.087, p < .001), demonstrating partial mediation. Mental fatigue awareness (ß = -0.256, p < .05) and sport type (ß = 0.232, p < .05) significantly predicted intrinsic decision-making, with team sport athletes exhibiting higher levels. However, the interaction between mental fatigue awareness and sport type was not a significant predictor (ß = 0.021, p > .05). Similarly, neither gender (ß = 0.083, p > .05) nor the interaction between gender and mental fatigue awareness (ß = 0.100, p > .05) significantly predicted intrinsic decision-making. The study contributes to understanding the interplay of mental fatigue awareness and intrinsic decision-making in athletes, considering the influences of gender and sport type. Future studies should employ longitudinal and experimental designs to clarify causality and to evaluate targeted dual-pronged interventions that address both psychological well-being and mental fatigue management.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkungen eines stroboskopischen Sehtrainings auf die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit von Sportlern: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098561</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098561</guid>
      <author>Gultekinler, B. D.</author>
      <author>Uzlasir, S.</author>
      <author>Isikdemir, E.</author>
      <author>Bayrakci Tunay, V.</author>
      <author>Wikstrom, E. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auge</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sinnesorgan</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Stroboskop</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>visuell</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>visuomotorische Fähigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Sehen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gultekinler, B. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Uzlasir, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Isikdemir, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bayrakci Tunay, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wikstrom, E. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Stroboscopic visual training (SVT), a relatively new modality, temporarily limits visual input to enhance visuomotor processing and motor coordination. It has gained attention in sports science and rehabilitation, but evidence on its effects remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to systematically synthesize the existing literature to evaluate the effects of SVT on athletes` physical performance.

Methods
The study`s search and analysis were done according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature was systematically reviewed across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to July 27, 2025 using keywords related to stroboscopic visual training and its effects on various aspects of physical performance. Of the 32 full-text articles evaluated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 met the eligibility requirements. Only articles published in English were included.

Results
A total of 14 studies involving 542 athletes were included and analyzed. Most studies reported that stroboscopic visual training produced significantly larger improvements in hand-eye coordination (2 studies), reaction time (6 studies), agility (1 study), and reactive agility (3 studies) compared with training under normal visual conditions. Additionally, enhancements were observed in balance, jump performance, and visuomotor performance. Sport-specific performance metrics demonstrated moderate yet consistent improvements.

Conclusion
Stroboscopic visual training may serve as an effective adjunct to conventional training, potentially leading to improvements in physical performance parameters such as reaction time, hand-eye coordination, agility, and visuomotor performance. However, given the lack of quantitative analysis in the current review, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and further high-quality research is needed to confirm the current results.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Vergleich der funktionellen Eigenschaften und Steifigkeit der Hamstringmuskulatur zwischen jugendlichen Fußballspielerinnen und altersgleichen Kontrollpersonen: Eine Querschnittsstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098562</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098562</guid>
      <author>Akagi, R.</author>
      <author>Ichikawa, S.</author>
      <author>Tanaka, M.</author>
      <author>Watabe, R.</author>
      <author>Morikawa, I.</author>
      <author>Mada, K.</author>
      <author>Ema, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Funktion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Steifigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Drehmoment</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Nordic hamstring exercise</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Akagi, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ichikawa, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tanaka, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Watabe, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morikawa, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mada, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ema, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This cross-sectional study compared the functional and stiffness properties of the hamstring muscles between adolescent female soccer players and age-matched controls. Cluster analysis split the soccer group into 28 participants aged >=170 months (~14.2 years) and 15 participants < 170 months. The control group was similarly divided (older: 14 participants; younger: 13 participants). Unilateral isometric peak torque and isotonic peak power of the knee flexors and eccentric knee flexor strength measured during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE strength) for each leg were determined. The semitendinosus shear modulus was also measured in both legs using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Across all age groups, the soccer group (39-117 Nm) demonstrated significantly greater NHE strength bilaterally (control: 20-80 Nm) (p < .001). Conversely, hamstring stiffness was comparable between the groups, with a notable increase observed in the younger age cohort (older: 2.3-6.3 kPa; younger: 3.1-6.7 kPa) (p = .013). Moreover, soccer players` NHE strength did not align with conventional knee flexor strength measures. These results demonstrate that adolescent female soccer players possess a distinct hamstring muscle profile, notably exhibiting significantly greater NHE strength compared to controls, with semitendinosus shear modulus being largely comparable between the groups. This unique profile is commonly associated with a reduced risk of hamstring strain injury, a finding potentially relevant for injury prevention strategies in this population. Such findings offer practical guidance for injury screening, but their interpretation is limited by the cross-sectional design and the control group`s activity heterogeneity.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kontextuelle Faktoren und Laufanforderungen im Elite-Frauenfußball: Ein Vergleich zwischen Startspielerinnen und Einwechselspielerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098563</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098563</guid>
      <author>Sandi, P.</author>
      <author>Gonçalves, L. G.</author>
      <author>de Souza, P. V.</author>
      <author>Kobal, R.</author>
      <author>da Silva Lins, A.</author>
      <author>Costa Neves, P. E.</author>
      <author>Nunes Rabelo, F.</author>
      <author>Ávila Oliveira, J.</author>
      <author>Oliveira, R.</author>
      <author>Domingues, H.</author>
      <author>Aquino, R.</author>
      <author>Fernandes da Silva, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Brasilien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Stammspieler</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Anforderungsprofil</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Auswechslung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sandi, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonçalves, L. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>de Souza, P. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kobal, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>da Silva Lins, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Costa Neves, P. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nunes Rabelo, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ávila Oliveira, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliveira, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Domingues, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aquino, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernandes da Silva, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined how contextual factors influence match-running performance in elite women`s soccer, with a focus on differences between starters (i.e. players who began the match) and nonstarters (i.e. players who entered the match as substitutes and played for at least 5 minutes). A total of 95 women`s players from four teams competing in the Brazilian Women`s First Division were monitored across 60 matches using 10-Hz GPS devices. Running performance was analyzed in both absolute and relative terms (m·min-1) across five speed zones, PlayerLoad, accelerations, and decelerations metrics. The contextual variables examined included opponent level, match location, number of days between matches, and the momentary point-difference. Starters covered greater absolute distances, while nonstarters exhibited higher relative demands in moderate- to high intensity zones and accelerations. Starters displayed higher relative distances in low intensity running. As part of the positional comparison, midfielders covered the greatest total distance, while external defenders and forwards performed more high-intensity actions. Central defenders had the lowest physical demands across all metrics. Nonstarters showed greater sprinting distances in matches against stronger opponents when playing at home. The momentary point-difference also influenced physical performance, with more balanced matches associated with reduced running outputs across positions and roles. Additionally, greater running outputs were observed in matches with <=4 days of recovery, especially in low-to-moderate intensity zones. Performance staff should adopt role-specific and context-approach training strategies, considering starter status and match contextual demands to prescribe compensatory training loads in elite women`s soccer.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Längsschnittlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Sprint- und Sprungleistung bei männlichen Nachwuchsfußballspielern: Implikationen für die Talententwicklung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098564</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098564</guid>
      <author>Laas, M. M.</author>
      <author>Wright, M.</author>
      <author>Enright, K.</author>
      <author>Craig, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Talententwicklung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Countermovement-Sprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Talentidentifikation</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Laas, M. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wright, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Enright, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Craig, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study analyzed the longitudinal relationship between short sprints and counter movement jump (CMJ) in youth male soccer players. Players (n = 304, age 13.0 ± 1.9 years) from a Scottish soccer academy completed sprints (10 m, 20 m splits [s]) and a CMJ (cm), on 3 to 14 occasions across 10 seasons. Within-player (repeated measures) and between-player (mean of repeated measures) correlation coefficients were calculated, and a linear mixed model (LMM) was applied to determine whether CMJ can predict sprint changes over a meaningful threshold (0.04 s, equivalent to the suggested minimum difference [~40 cm] for a player to be ahead of the opponent to win a ball in a one-on-one duel). Very large, negative between-player correlations were found for CMJ vs. sprint time (10 m: r = -0.746, 95% CI [-0.792, -0.691]; 20 m: r = -0.822, 95% CI [-0.856, -0.782], respectively). Within-player correlations were moderate-to-large (10 m: r = -0.485, 95% CI [-0.525, -0.443]; 20 m: r = -0.576, 95% CI [-0.611, -0.539]). The LMM analysis revealed that chronological age influenced the within-player correlations, while CMJ did not predict sprint changes over the meaningful threshold. While CMJ might be useful for distinguishing between players with differing sprint ability, it is not a suitable proxy for tracking individual sprint development over time, especially when accounting for chronological age-related changes. Coaches and practitioners should therefore consider incorporating direct sprint assessments into longitudinal monitoring.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ein Ansatz zur Qualitätsverbesserung im Hinblick auf die unzureichende Meldung von sexuellem Missbrauch im Leistungssport: Ein konzeptioneller Rahmen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098565</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098565</guid>
      <author>Chandra, A.</author>
      <author>Goldstein, J.</author>
      <author>Peter, K.</author>
      <author>Roberts, W.</author>
      <author>Satin, D. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Organisation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sicherheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prävention</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>sexueller Missbrauch</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Strategie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Schutz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Chandra, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Goldstein, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peter, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Roberts, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Satin, D. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Continuing reports involving the sexual abuse of athletes in USA Gymnastics sounded a call to action for competitive sports organizations around the world. We propose a Quality Improvement (QI) approach to evaluate the dynamics of this problem. We do so by [1] defining the problem and its scope within competitive sports, [2] making the case for QI methodologies as an untapped resource to address this problem, and [3] suggesting novel approaches using these specific methodologies. We demonstrate how a systems approach and methodologies like Root Cause Analysis can identify cultural, systemic, and individual barriers to reporting. They can also expose inherent conflicts of interest and biases that compound this problem. A QI approach can identify previously unrecognized causes of underreporting sexual abuse of athletes and may guide targeted interventions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Intermittent pneumatic compression does not improve post-match neuromuscular, biochemical or perceptual recovery in international-level youth soccer players: a randomized placebo-controlled trial</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 13:42:51 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098566</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098566</guid>
      <author>Maia, F.</author>
      <author>Tito, S.</author>
      <author>Correia, M.</author>
      <author>Nakamura, F. Y.</author>
      <author>Ribeiro, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Therapie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Druck</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kompression</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Maia, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tito, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Correia, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nakamura, F. Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ribeiro, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a single session of high-pressure intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on post-match recovery in international level youth soccer players, using neuromuscular, biochemical, and perceptual markers.

Methods
Forty-two observations (across 6 matches) of 23 elite U19 soccer players (age: 17.45 ± 0.72 years; height: 1.82 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 74.95 ± 6.45 kg) participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Following competitive matches, participants were assigned to receive either 30 min of high-pressure IPC (200 mmHg) or a placebo intervention (hydrant cream). Recovery status was assessed pre-match, and at 30 min, 24- and 48-hours post-match using countermovement jump height, low-frequency fatigue of the knee extensors (Myocene®), creatine kinase (CK) concentrations, and self-reported fatigue and soreness. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of time, group, and time x group interaction. Covariates such as perceived exertion, GPS metrics, and sleep metrics were included when appropriate.

Results
No significant time x group interactions were found for any of the variables under analysis (p = 0.089 to 0.834). Significant main effects of time were detected in CK, perceived fatigue and soreness (p < 0.001), confirming match-induced fatigue, but without group differences. Exploratory analyses revealed that internal and external load, as well as total sleep time influenced recovery markers, particularly CK and perceptual responses.

Conclusion
A single session of high-pressure IPC does not seem to enhance post-match recovery in elite youth soccer players compared to a placebo, on neuromuscular, biochemical, and subjective markers.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov code NCT06636942 (date of registration: 02/10/2024).]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
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