<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/sponet/themes/root/assets/xsl/rss.xsl"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:opensearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/">
  <channel>
    <title>Ergebnis für </title>
    <description>Treffer 201 - 250 von 124766</description>
    <generator>Laminas_Feed_Writer 2 (https://getlaminas.org)</generator>
    <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;page=5&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de</link>
    <opensearch:totalResults>124766</opensearch:totalResults>
    <opensearch:startIndex>200</opensearch:startIndex>
    <opensearch:itemsPerPage>50</opensearch:itemsPerPage>
    <atom:link rel="first" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur ersten Seite springen" href="https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="previous" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur vorherigen Seite" href="https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=4&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="next" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur nächsten Seite" href="https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=6&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="last" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur letzten Seite springen" href="https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=2496&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=5&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss mentaler Ermüdung auf die physiologische Toleranz und sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit von Athleten: Untersuchung zentraler und peripherer Mechanismen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097070</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097070</guid>
      <author>Qian, H.</author>
      <author>Xia, W.</author>
      <author>Wang, Y.</author>
      <author>Lee, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Neurophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gehirn</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zentralnervensystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Qian, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xia, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Mental fatigue has emerged as a key factor influencing endurance performance, yet its physiological mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the associations between mental fatigue, physiological tolerance, and performance in endurance athletes. Sixty elite athletes (32 males, 28 females) from running, cycling, and triathlon disciplines completed a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design with two sessions: a 90-min cognitively demanding task (mental fatigue) and passive rest (control), separated by one week. Before and after each condition, participants underwent physiological and neurophysiological assessments followed by sport-specific tests, including treadmill time-to-exhaustion runs, 20-km cycling time trials, and multi-stage triathlon simulations. Measurements included electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electromyography (EMG), and blood lactate analysis. Compared with the control, mental fatigue significantly reduced running endurance, cycling power output, and triathlon performance. Prefrontal oxygenation changes strongly correlated with performance decrements (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), and EMG data indicated altered neuromuscular activation. Both central and peripheral physiological markers differed between conditions. These findings demonstrate that mental fatigue is associated with measurable neurophysiological and metabolic alterations leading to reduced endurance performance, highlighting the importance of cognitive load management in endurance training and competition.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Verbesserung des Schlafes bei professionellen Rugbyspielern: Beobachtung und Schlafinterventionen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097071</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097071</guid>
      <author>Goldberg, M.</author>
      <author>Boutin, A.</author>
      <author>Pairot De Fontenay, B.</author>
      <author>Cohn, J.</author>
      <author>Michel, V.</author>
      <author>Stauffer, E.</author>
      <author>Debarnot, U.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Goldberg, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boutin, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pairot De Fontenay, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cohn, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Michel, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Stauffer, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Debarnot, U.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Sleep is a crucial factor for optimal recovery, performance and well-being of athletes. Although professional athletes could benefit from about 8 h of sleep, many experience shorter sleep durations or poor sleep quality. Sleep interventions have been recently proposed to improve sleep, but their effects remain unclear. This ecological study aimed to evaluate the sleep of a rugby team and to examine the effects of sleep interventions, including a group seminar on sleep hygiene and relaxation techniques. Thirty-six male professional rugby players were evaluated during two pre- and post-intervention match weeks using objective and subjective assessments. At baseline, 34 of 36 athletes slept less than 8 h per night and combining sleep quality and quantity assessments, 22 of 36 players were considered as poor sleepers. After the interventions, subjective sleep (p = 0.001, n2 = 0.22 [0.47-0.04]), Hooper score (p < 0.001, n2 = 0.77 [0.86-0.65]), bedtime (p = 0.01, n2 = 0.15 [0.40-0.01]) and time in bed (p = 0.04, n2 = 0.11 [0.35-0.003]) improved for all athletes, while sleep quantity increased among poor sleepers (405.2 min vs. 425.9 min; p = 0.04, d = 0.44). Sleep interventions, composed of theoretical and practical sessions, improved sleep characteristics and might be implemented in athletes` daily routine. This study offers a simple, accessible method to assess athletes` sleep, while providing adapted recommendations to enhance sleep.

KEY POINTS

- Twenty-two out of 36 rugby players exhibited both poor sleep quality and quantity during the week and weekends.

- Theoretical and practical sleep interventions elicited objective and subjective sleep improvement, especially among poor sleepers.

- Sleep assessment and interventions represent an efficient, and feasible method among team-sport players for improving sleep quality.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soziale Unterstützung als Schutzschild: Burnout bei Spitzensportlern durch starke Netzwerke verhindern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097074</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097074</guid>
      <author>Saeed, I.</author>
      <author>Xigen, W.</author>
      <author>Khan, I.</author>
      <author>Dukhaykh, S.</author>
      <author>Ahmad, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Krankheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastbarkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Burnout</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Erschöpfung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Saeed, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xigen, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Khan, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dukhaykh, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ahmad, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived social Support on burnout in elite athletes. Further, this study also examined the mediating role of strong social networks in this relationship. Based on a sample of 340 elite athletes in Wuhan, China, the study employed the Athletes` Received Support Questionnaire (ARSQ), the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the Social Connectedness Scale-Revised (SCS-R). The results indicated that (1) there was a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and athlete burnout; (2) social Support was directly positively correlated with athletes` strong social network; (3) the strong network characterised by cohesive and dense integration was negatively correlated with athlete burnout; and (4) the strong social network played a significant mediating role between perceived social support and athlete burnout. These findings could contribute to insights into the mechanisms by which perceived social Support relates to burnout in elite athletes, and provide crucial practical guidance for protecting and promoting their mental health and well-being.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Längsschnittliche Entwicklung der Spielleistung bei Elite-Feldhockeyspielern, die in einem Hochleistungsumfeld trainieren</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097075</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097075</guid>
      <author>Lam, E. P.</author>
      <author>Sunderland, C. D.</author>
      <author>Morris, J. G.</author>
      <author>Furlong, L. M.</author>
      <author>Forouhandeh, A.</author>
      <author>Bevan, T.</author>
      <author>Mason, B. S.</author>
      <author>Tolfrey, K.</author>
      <author>Barrett, L. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsstatistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herzfrequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielhandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beschleunigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lam, E. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sunderland, C. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morris, J. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Furlong, L. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Forouhandeh, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bevan, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mason, B. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tolfrey, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Barrett, L. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined whether the performance characteristics of male university field hockey players were associated with undergraduate degree year of study. Fifty-two male university field hockey players (age 20.8 ± 2.4 years, stature 1.79 ± 0.06 m, body mass 75.8 ± 8.3 kg) were monitored over 85 matches played across four national league seasons in the UK (2018-2022) using 15 Hz Global Positioning System units and heart rate monitors. Total distance, high-speed running distance (=15.5 km.h-1), accelerations (=2 m.s-1), decelerations (= -2 m.s-1), average heart rate and percentage of time spent at >85% of maximum heart rate were compared between 1st year, 2nd year and final year players across 1090 player-match files. Hierarchical linear modelling of performance characteristics (Match - level 1, Player - level 2), normalised to 70 min match time, found that the total and high-speed running distance covered by final year players was lower compared to 2nd year players (by 163 m and 127 m, respectively, both p < 0.05). With increased training experience in a high-performance programme, running performance required to perform optimally could be reduced in university players due to the high level of match performance achieved, development of game understanding and improved technical ability.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Das dreidimensionale Impuls-Reaktions-Modell: Modellierung des Trainingsprozesses entsprechend energiesystemspezifischer Anpassungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097076</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097076</guid>
      <author>Kontro, H.</author>
      <author>Mastracci, A.</author>
      <author>Cheung, S. S.</author>
      <author>MacInnis, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kontro, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mastracci, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cheung, S. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>MacInnis, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Athletic training is characterized by physiological systems responding to repeated exercise-induced stress, resulting in gradual alterations in the functional properties of these systems. The adaptive response leading to improved performance follows a remarkably predictable pattern that may be described by a systems model provided that training load can be accurately quantified and that the constants defining the training-performance relationship are known. While various impulse-response models have been proposed, they are inherently limited in reducing training stress (the impulse) into a single metric, assuming that the adaptive responses are independent of the type of training performed. This is despite ample evidence of markedly diverse acute and chronic responses to exercise of different intensities and durations. Herein, we propose an alternative, three-dimensional impulse-response model that uses three training load metrics as inputs and three performance metrics as outputs. These metrics, represented by a three-parameter critical power model, reflect the stress imposed on each of the three energy systems: the alactic (phosphocreatine/immediate) system; the lactic (glycolytic) system; and the aerobic (oxidative) system. The purpose of this article is to outline the scientific rationale and the practical implementation of the three-dimensional impulse-response model.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leistungsentwicklung von Jugend- und Juniorentriathleten bei Weltmeisterschaften im Triathlon-Sprint und Supersprint</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097077</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097077</guid>
      <author>Correa, G. S.</author>
      <author>Rathbone, E.</author>
      <author>Lorimer, A.</author>
      <author>Eastwood, A.</author>
      <author>Keogh, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Triathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Alter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adoleszenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Correa, G. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rathbone, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lorimer, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Eastwood, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Keogh, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Europe stages highly competitive World Triathlon Youth and Junior competitions. Results from 46 sprint and super sprint European triathlon events between 2021 and 2023 included 2137 competition data entries of 494 males and 1576 entries of 351 females. The competition split-times were converted to average velocity to account for competition distance variability. Performance trajectories were estimated using linear mixed model regression and subdivided by sex, competition distance, and segment with age as the main factor of interest. Random effects included competition`s external factors, intra-athlete variability, and country of origin. Estimated velocity was not statistically different between sprint and super sprint distances in female swim, and male and female cycle, run, and full-race. Males were faster than females in all segments and across all ages. The total estimated performance progression from 15 to 19 years-of-age was small for adolescent triathletes: males (swimming ~4.2%; cycling ~3.2%; running ~6.0%); females (swimming ~2.4%; cycling ~1.7%; running ~4.1%). Age explained <7.0% of performance progression. Performance variance explained by random effects differed by sex, distance and segment. Despite the small contribution of age, the most successful adolescent triathletes continually develop at rates determined by sex.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interunit-Zuverlässigkeit des globalen Navigationssatellitensystems STATSports APEX und der aus Beschleunigungsmessern abgeleiteten Messwerte während Shuttle-Run-Protokollen mit unterschiedlichen Distanzen und Richtungswechselhäufigkeiten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097078</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097078</guid>
      <author>Dawson, L.</author>
      <author>McErlain-Naylor, S. A.</author>
      <author>Devereux, G.</author>
      <author>Beato, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beschleunigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gütekriterien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Richtungswechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Shuttle Run Test</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>GNSS</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dawson, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McErlain-Naylor, S. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Devereux, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Beato, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study assessed the interunit reliability of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and accelerometer-derived metrics during high-intensity shuttle run protocols. Thirty-three female football players completed three shuttle run protocols (2 × 20 m, 4 × 10 m, and 8 × 5 m). Two STATSports Apex Pro units (18 Hz GPS and 10 Hz Augmented GNSS; 100 Hz accelerometer) recorded accelerometer-derived (fatigue index [FI] and dynamic stress load [DSL]) and GNSS-derived (total distance, acceleration and deceleration counts, maximum speed, speed intensity and total metabolic power) metrics. Interunit reliability and agreement were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis. GNSS metrics demonstrated good to excellent reliability (ICC: 0.845-0.999), whereas accelerometer-derived metrics, FI (ICC: 0.495) and DSL (ICC: 0.484), showed poor reliability. Percentage bias in accelerometer-derived metrics ranged from -1.76% (FI) to -7.72% (DSL), and in GNSS metrics ranged from -0.1% (speed intensity) to 5.83% (decelerations), limits of agreement increased in protocols with more directional changes. Overall, the interunit reliability of accelerometer-derived metrics should be considered cautiously, especially in short, high-intensity activity. ICC and Bland-Altman analysis confirmed close agreement for the GNSS metrics but highlighted variability in accelerometer-derived metrics. Practitioners are advised to avoid interchanging units between athletes and sessions to maintain reliability.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VLamax korreliert stark mit der glykolytischen Leistung</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097079</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097079</guid>
      <author>Clark, B.</author>
      <author>Macdermid, P. W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Laktat</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsdiagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ergometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob-anaerobe Schwelle</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energiestoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Clark, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Macdermid, P. W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[VLamax estimates an athlete`s maximal glycolytic rate. This study aimed to determine the relationships between VLamax and cycle ergometry efforts with a high glycolytic energy contribution and the influence of VLamax and VO2max on the respiratory compensation point. Eleven national-to-international endurance cyclists (VO2max = 70.7 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed a 15-s isokinetic test with pre- and post-lactate measurements to determine VLamax, a 1-min maximal effort, and a ramp test to exhaustion in a single test session. The main findings showed strong relationships between VLamax and the mean absolute (r = 0.83, p = .002) and relative (r = 0.88, p = .0004) power during the lactic interval of the 15-s isokinetic test. This relationship weakened when comparing VLamax with mean absolute (r = 0.52, p = .098) and relative (r = 0.29, p = .393) power during a 1-min maximal effort. Combining the VLamax and VO2max data through multiple regression resulted in a positive effect on the estimation of the respiratory compensation point. It was concluded that VLamax is a relevant indicator of maximal glycolytic rate. However, this metric currently lacks scientific validation as an accurate estimate of glycolytic rate and provides minimal extra information over using the power output from the isokinetic test alone. Practitioners may simply measure power over glycolytically demanding efforts to understand the maximal glycolytic rate of their athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Neudenken von Leistungskrisen im Profifußball: Einblicke deutscher Trainer in systemische Schwachstellen und eskalierende Dynamiken</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097080</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097080</guid>
      <author>Rausch, C.</author>
      <author>Fritsch, J.</author>
      <author>Altmann, S.</author>
      <author>Spielmann, J.</author>
      <author>Steindorf, L.</author>
      <author>Jekauc, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Deutschland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Krise</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rausch, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fritsch, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altmann, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Spielmann, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Steindorf, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jekauc, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Professional soccer, as a global phenomenon, is characterized not only by outstanding performances but also by frequent and sometimes prolonged periods of underperformance, which represent performance crises. Despite the growing body of research on performance crisis, the specific perspectives of coaches remain underexplored. Previous studies have largely focused on players` viewpoints, resulting in a lack of understanding of the systemic and escalating dynamics of crises from the perspective of those in leadership positions. This study addresses this gap by investigating how professional soccer coaches perceive the development and persistence of performance crises in professional soccer. Employing a qualitative research design, twelve professional coaches with diverse roles (head coaches, assistant coaches, and goalkeeper coaches), a mean age of 43 years (range: 32-51), and extensive coaching experience in professional soccer (7-23 years, M = 15.5) were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using data-driven and concept-driven content analysis based on thematic qualitative text analysis. The analysis reveals that performance crises are not attributable to isolated incidents but rather arise from the interplay between pre-crisis vulnerabilities, their transition to crisis dynamics, acute triggers, and escalating dynamics at team, organizational, and external levels. Pre-crisis vulnerabilities include latent factors such as organizational incongruence, and fragile team cohesion, that increase susceptibility to crises. Notably, coaches emphasized that success temporarily masks these underlying tensions, which surface and intensify when performance declines. Acute triggers refer to specific disruptive events or negative results that catalyze instability and initiate the crisis process. Escalating dynamics describe the self-reinforcing processes whereby psychological, social, and structural problems perpetuate and deepen the crisis. The study advances the field by highlighting systemic, self-reinforcing cycles of crisis and organizational incongruence that undermine coaching authority. These insights have practical implications for improving leadership coherence and resilience strategies in professional sports environments.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von hochintensivem Intervalltraining auf dem Slideboard im Vergleich zu moderatem kontinuierlichem Training auf die aerobe und anaerobe Kapazität bei jungen Eisschnellläufern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097081</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097081</guid>
      <author>Zhang, K.</author>
      <author>Qi, J.</author>
      <author>Shi, P.</author>
      <author>Xue, X.</author>
      <author>Liu, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eisschnelllauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Intervallmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>HIIT</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shi, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xue, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose
This study aimed to compare the effects of three slide-board training modalities—two high-intensity interval training protocols (HIIT1: 3 min work/2 min rest; HIIT2: 4 min work/1 min rest) and one moderate-intensity continuous training protocol (MICT: 20 min at 70% HRmax)—on aerobic and anaerobic capacities in young speed skaters.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Überwachung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden bei jugendlichen Leichtathleten: Eine Co-Creation-Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097110</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097110</guid>
      <author>Bunce, N. A.</author>
      <author>Day, J.</author>
      <author>Mann, R. H.</author>
      <author>Jennings, A.</author>
      <author>Barker, A. R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Talententwicklung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bunce, N. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Day, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mann, R. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jennings, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Barker, A. R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Talent Development Environments, such as England Athletics` Youth Talent Programme (YTP), aim to provide holistic support that promotes long-term athletic and personal development. There is a need for National Governing Bodies to understand athlete health and wellbeing (HWB) to increase athlete availability, wellbeing, and performance. Regarding the YTP, this study aimed to: (1) understand HWB concepts and current monitoring practices; (2) explore design preferences for athlete HWB monitoring; and (3) identify factors that influence the use and implementation of a HWB monitoring system. An online survey was completed by 53 YTP athletes (31 female) capturing demographics, HWB understanding, current monitoring behaviours, and design preferences. Six focus groups and one interview were subsequently conducted with YTP staff (n = 11) and athletes (n = 8). Staff discussions explored current data collection methods, factors that influence system adoption, and integration possibilities. Athlete discussions explored HWB attitudes, factors that influence system adoption, and design preferences. Survey findings indicated that athletes regard monitoring HWB as `important` (36%) or `very important` (26%). However, 62% of athletes do not keep a training diary and 45% do not monitor their HWB, confirming they lack tools and/or knowledge to monitor effectively. Sixty-six percent of athletes who do not monitor would like to improve HWB knowledge. Among those who monitor (55%), the most frequently recorded were training (n = 19) and sleep (n = 14) data. Reflexive thematic analysis generated four interrelated themes: (1) education as a pathway to athlete autonomy and wellbeing; (2) holistic HWB perspectives; (3) monitoring practices; and (4) factors that influence adoption. Findings highlight the importance of HWB education and whole person development. Despite limited formal monitoring knowledge, athletes engage in self-monitoring and are willing to improve HWB knowledge. Preference for mobile accessibility, adaptability, and reminders, together with socio-environmental factors, will inform the design of an athlete HWB monitoring system for the YTP.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lokale Sportpolitik: Eine landesweite Umfrage zur Bewertung der kommunalen Sportförderung und -prioritäten durch die Öffentlichkeit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097151</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097151</guid>
      <author>Sesinando, A. D.</author>
      <author>Seguí-Urbaneja, J.</author>
      <author>Teixeira, M. C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmanagement</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Finanzen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Marketing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sponsoring</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sesinando, A. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Seguí-Urbaneja, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Teixeira, M. C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Public policies in sport and good governance adopted by local authorities aim to promote healthier habits and widespread participation in sport. However, little is known about the use of policy instruments by Portuguese municipalities to assess its implementation, evaluation and monitoring. At the same time, there is insufficient data available to evaluate political action and local sports development, making it difficult to assess this progress. Therefore, this research was designed to measure satisfaction with the current level of development in municipalities according to different sports development indicators. We followed an exploratory methodology using quantitative-descriptive and inferential analysis. Data was collected through a questionnaire between November 2024 and January 2025 with 937 responses obtained after validation. Results show a level of agreement between genders regarding satisfaction with the level of sports development, sports services and facilities, while transparency does not show encouraging results due to high level of non-formed opinion. There is also a high level of agreement on policy priorities and the influence of political orientation on public investment in sports. Municipalities play a key role in promoting local sports and modernizing cities and sport facilities, being essential to keep studying their action in different perspectives to measure good governance in sports development and political transparency perception.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Theoretische Begründung der Methodik des technischen und taktischen Trainings qualifizierter Freistil-Ringer</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097038</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097038</guid>
      <author>Norden, A.</author>
      <author>Kozhanov, V.</author>
      <author>Moskovsky, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Freier Ringkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Theorie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methodik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methodologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Norden, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kozhanov, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Moskovsky, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to theoretically substantiate the methodology of technical and tactical training of qualified freestyle wrestlers.

Methods and structure of the study. To substantiate the methodology of technical and tactical training, a pedagogical experiment was conducted with the participation of freestyle wrestlers, the level of sports qualification - KMS, I category, light weight category. The pedagogical experiment was conducted on the basis of the Urmarskaya Secondary School named after A. F. Fedorov in the Urmarsky district of the Chuvash Republic.

Results and conclusions. The technique was developed for wrestlers of the game style, combined fighting in order to increase the variability of the use of technical and tactical actions when exposed to disruptive factors in competitive activities.

In this regard, the most important aspect of an athlete's technical fitness is the ability to combine various techniques into a rational chain of motor actions (technical and tactical complex), depending on the situation specific to a particular moment of competitive activity. A rationally constructed technical and tactical set of actions makes it possible to optimally link together consistently applied local offensive and defensive actions, which ensures the achievement of a given final result, taking into account the opponent's behavior.  One of the indicators of the quality of technical and tactical training (hereinafter referred to as TTP) is their ability to master a combination style of fighting, successfully perform complex technical and tactical actions (hereinafter referred to as TTD) that require a certain amount of time for their tactical training, and are associated with the danger of losing in the opponent's retaliatory actions. Reducing the time an athlete spends on TTD preparation significantly affects the reliability of the bout result.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Zusammenhang zwischen technischen und physischen Leistungsparametern bei Schwimmern im Alter von 13-14 Jahren</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097039</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097039</guid>
      <author>Malinovskiy, M.</author>
      <author>Arishin, A.</author>
      <author>Pogrebnoy, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>dynamisch</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Einflussfaktor</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Malinovskiy, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arishin, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pogrebnoy, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to determine the degree of influence of physical fitness on the kinematic and dynamic parameters of swimming technique in young swimmers aged 13-14.

Methods and structure of the study. To assess physical fitness, tests from the Federal Standard for Sports Training in Swimming for the training stage were used, in which 85 swimmers aged 13-14 and with I-II sports qualifications took part. Technical readiness was assessed based on kinematic and dynamic indicators. The data was processed using mathematical statistics methods.

Results and conclusions. The data obtained allows us to propose a new conceptual model of the relationship between the physical and technical preparedness of young swimmers, where strength and speed-strength qualities are the basic factors determining the potential for technical mastery. Coordination abilities perform a modulating function, optimising the realisation of strength potential. Flexibility and general endurance play a supporting role, the importance of which may increase at later stages of athletic development. The identified patterns are of practical importance for the construction of the training process. An emphasis on the development of strength and speed-strength qualities in combination with the improvement of intermuscular coordination may become a key direction for optimising training methods for 13-14-year-old swimmers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Elemente des funktionellen Trainings in Volleyball-Trainingseinheiten für junge Frauen im Alter von 16-17 Jahren</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097040</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097040</guid>
      <author>Obvintsev, A.</author>
      <author>Grets, I.</author>
      <author>Bulkova, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingseinheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>funktionelles Training</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Obvintsev, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Grets, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bulkova, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to experimentally prove the effectiveness of volleyball training sessions with elements of functional training for young women aged 16-17.

Methods and structure of the study. Two groups of subjects participated in the 9-month scientific study: an experimental group (n=12), whose training process was based on the integration of functional training elements, and a control group (n=11), which followed a traditional training method.

Results and conclusions. The volleyball players in the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in speed-strength and coordination indicators, manifested in jumping, throwing, special running exercises and trunk lifts. The results of the study demonstrate a marked positive trend in the experimental group: the increase in physical fitness indicators varies between 5.55% and 29.51%, while the control group showed less significant progress, confirming the effectiveness of functional training, including plyometrics, balance exercises, and medicine ball work in the training process.  Experimental studies have shown that functional training significantly improves the special physical training of volleyball players; the greatest increase was noted in agility (36.65%) and torso strength (29.17%); the technique helps prevent injuries by improving jumping and landing techniques.  The study is relevant for coaches and specialists in the field of sports training, offering scientifically based methods for optimising the training process.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss der Phasen des Ovarial-Menstruationszyklus auf das psychologische Funktionieren von Sportlerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097041</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097041</guid>
      <author>Shan, M.</author>
      <author>Kozhedub, M.</author>
      <author>Vrublevskiy, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aktivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Einflussfaktor</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Menstruationsphase</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Stimmung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Shan, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kozhedub, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vrublevskiy, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the dynamics of subjective assessment of the psychofunctional state of female athletes of various specialisations throughout the ovarian-menstrual cycle.

Methods and structure of the study. The WAM questionnaire (well-being, activity, mood) was used to record changes in the psychofunctional state of the athletes examined. To determine the psychofunctional state of the athletes examined at different phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle (OMC), the questionnaire test for differential self-assessment of the functional state WAM (well-being, activity, mood), which allows for a rapid assessment of a person's condition during periods of mental and physical stress [2]. An assessment of situational (reactive) anxiety [5] was also carried out as a condition characterised by subjectively experienced emotions: tension, restlessness, concern, nervousness, etc. The experiment involved female athletes aged 15-17 who specialise in sprinting and ice hockey.

Results and conclusions. The article presents the dynamics of subjective assessment of the psychofunctional state throughout the ovarian-menstrual cycle (OMC) in female athletes. It is shown that the psychofunctional state of female athletes changes in accordance with the phases of their individual specific biological cycle, and taking this into account when designing a training programme can increase its effectiveness without excessively increasing the volume and intensity of the training activities used.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Viszerales Proteinreservoir bei hochqualifizierten Kajakfahrern und Kanuten</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097042</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097042</guid>
      <author>Makarova, G.</author>
      <author>Pogrebnoy, A.</author>
      <author>Chernuha, S.</author>
      <author>Karpov, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Wasserfahrsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kanusport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kajak</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eiweiß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Makarova, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pogrebnoy, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chernuha, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Karpov, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to assess the adequacy of delayed post-exercise recovery of total protein and albumin content in venous blood as criteria for visceral protein pool in highly skilled kayakers and canoeists.

Methods and structure of the study. Summary of data from literary sources substantiating the particular importance of athletes consuming the necessary amount of protein. Monitoring of haematocrit, total protein, albumin and haemoglobin concentration in venous blood in highly skilled kayakers and canoeists. 79 male athletes aged 18 to 37 were examined (20 honoured masters of sport, 23 international class masters of sport of Russia, 36 masters of sport; 40 people were examined repeatedly). Venous blood was collected in the morning, 40 hours after the end of the last training session. Blood analysis was performed at the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after Professor S. V. Ochapovsky (Krasnodar).

Results and conclusions. All analysed indicators show significant differences at haematocrit values above and below 47%, which corresponds to the 75th centile of this parameter. The interval of mean values of total protein content in the range ±1 s is 69.62±3.86 g/l, i.e. its upper values (73.48 g/l) are significantly lower than the upper values of the reference interval recommended for clinical practice (68-85 g/l). In 38.8% of measurements, the total protein content in athletes was below 69.62 g/l, of which 29.3% were below 65.76 g/l. In addition, four rowers had total protein levels below 69.62 g/l for two years, and two had levels below 65.76 g/l. A certain correlation between total blood protein and haemoglobin concentration was also established.

The results obtained allow us to conclude that highly skilled kayakers and canoeists may experience a marked decrease in the visceral protein pool due to globulin fractions during routine monitoring, which may negatively affect the state of the immune system and blood coagulation system, to a certain extent contribute to a decrease in haemoglobin content and, in general, to the effectiveness of the training process.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adaptive Mechanismen des Körpers von Sportlern unter Extrembedingungen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097043</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097043</guid>
      <author>Denisenko, Y.</author>
      <author>Ahmetov, A.</author>
      <author>Semenov, S.</author>
      <author>Andrushchishin, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entspannung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zentralnervensystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Denisenko, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ahmetov, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Semenov, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Andrushchishin, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to provide theoretical and experimental justification for the basic principles of constructing a comprehensive system of special relaxation training aimed at improving the functional state of athletes' bodies, increasing the rate of skeletal muscle relaxation, and improving the effectiveness of the training process.

Methods and structure of the study. The dynamics of hypoxic resistance, the rate of voluntary relaxation (RVR) of skeletal muscles, and the power of the braking-relaxation functional system of urgent adaptation and protection (BRFSP) of the body from extreme influences during long-term adaptation to various adaptogenic factors were studied. All subjects were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of athletes with initially high BRFSP capacity (experimental), and group 2 consisted of athletes with initially low BRFSP capacity (control). The purpose of this grouping was to determine the influence of the initial BRFSP power on the nature of long-term adaptation of the parameters under consideration under the influence of various adaptogenic factors.

Results and conclusions. An increase in the activity of the central nervous system's braking systems and muscle RVR, as an urgent adaptive response to intense physical exertion, occurs when BRFSP is activated by extreme influences. The dependence of muscle character and RVR on the functional state of the central nervous system has been demonstrated. The functional state of the central nervous system also largely determines the power of BRFSP. The results of the studies provide a basis for the methods and principles of special relaxation training aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the training process.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung zum Einfluss subjektiver Faktoren auf das Auftreten von Sportverletzungen bei jungen Volleyballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097044</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097044</guid>
      <author>Huang, Y.</author>
      <author>Guba, V.</author>
      <author>Yang, Z.</author>
      <author>Rodin, A.</author>
      <author>Bulykina, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>China</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rehabilitation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>subjektiv</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Einflussfaktor</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Guba, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rodin, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bulykina, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to identify the opinions of specialists on the factors determining the occurrence of sports injuries, as well as to propose a rehabilitation programme for the training of volleyball players in youth teams in Russia and China.

Methods and structure of the study. The research was conducted in 2021-2024, involving 84 young men participating in the Russian Volleyball Championship (youth league) and 79 players from the Chinese Volleyball Super League (youth teams). The main research method was a questionnaire survey of athletes and the results of medical examinations, which were aimed at studying the factors and causes of sports injuries among volleyball players in youth teams.

Results and conclusions. It has been established that the high level of sports injuries among volleyball players in youth teams in Russia and China is due to subjective factors: physical fatigue, incorrect use of technique, poor health, irrational preparatory activities and inattention.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Parameter der körperlichen Entwicklung hochqualifizierter Skifahrer im Alter von 18-20 Jahren im dritten Jahr des olympischen Zyklus</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097045</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097045</guid>
      <author>Golovachev, A.</author>
      <author>Kolyhmatov, V.</author>
      <author>Shirokova, S.</author>
      <author>Grushin, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Skilanglauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Spiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympiazyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Nationalmannschaft</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Golovachev, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kolyhmatov, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shirokova, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Grushin, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to examine the characteristics of the development of physical qualities in highly skilled ski racers aged 18-20 in the third year of the Olympic training cycle.

Methods and structure of the study. 11 athletes from the Russian junior cross-country skiing team aged 18-20, with qualifications ranging from candidate master of sports to master of sports, participated in comprehensive examinations conducted at the ROC and VNIIFK innovation center at the beginning and end of the preparatory period of the third year (2024-2025 season) of the Olympic cycle (OC). The examination program included an assessment of leading physical qualities and abilities. To this end, athletes were asked to undergo testing consisting of two methods that measure the reaction force of the support when performing jumping exercises at maximum power on a PD-2 tensodynamometric platform (VISTI, Russia), used to assess explosive leg strength (ELS) and measure mechanical power when performing work with the arms on a SkiErg Concept-2 ergometric machine (USA), used to assess explosive arm strength (EAS) and speed-strength endurance of the arms (SSEA) [1]. Test procedures, means and methods of monitoring the indicators under study were carried out on the basis of methodological recommendations developed to assess the development of the physical qualities of athletes of the Russian national teams and the immediate reserve. They were maintained throughout all stages of the Olympic cycle [2, 3].

Results and conclusions. The results of the comparative analysis show that a distinctive feature of the development of the leading physical qualities of cross-country skiers at the end of the preparatory period (PP) of the third year of the Olympic training cycle is the multi-level increase in the studied indicators, differentiated by the nature of muscle activity when demonstrating explosive arm strength (work per hand movement in terms of absolute and relative values: Aabs. +7.0% and Arel. +6.9%) and legs (in terms of force gradient: Jabs. and Jrel. +8.2%) in relation to the speed-strength endurance of the arms (in terms of power output in the 5-minute 5PMR test: Nabs. +11.8% and Nrel. +11.7%). At the same time, the greatest decrease in the degree of deviation from the model level of the 2022 Olympian, primarily (in terms of the physical qualities studied), occurs in the explosive strength of the arms (Aabs. -5.1% and Arel. -2.8%), reaching the lower limit of model level, and explosive leg strength (by force gradient: Jab. -10.0% and Jrel. -7.9%), approaching the lower limit of model level, and the continuing lag in the level of speed-strength endurance of the arms (Nabs. -11.3% and Nrel. -9.2%). The greatest differences in relation to model level in terms of the physical qualities studied remain in terms of absolute values, reflecting their dependence on total body size.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analyse der Muskelaktivierungsmuster der unteren Extremitäten in Abhängigkeit vom Leistungsniveau bei jugendlichen Kajak-Sportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097225</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097225</guid>
      <author>Seo, Y.-H.</author>
      <author>Park, S.-Y.</author>
      <author>Joo, S.-H.</author>
      <author>Kim, S.-K.</author>
      <author>Han, K.-H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kajak</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aktivierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Seo, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Park, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Joo, S.-H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kim, S.-K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Han, K.-H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: This study aimed to investigate differences in lower limb muscle utilization strategies according to performance level among adolescent kayak athletes, and to provide foundational data for developing customized training programs. 
Method: The participants were nine adolescent athletes registered with the Korea Canoe Federation, categorized into a Medalist group (high performers) and a Non-medalist group (low performers) based on their national competition records within the past two years. Surface Electromyography (EMG) was used to collect muscle activation data for the Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Biceps Femoris (BF), Tibialis Anterior (TA), and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) during stroke movements on a kayak ergometer. To compare muscle activation levels and muscle contraction onset timings between groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed. 
Results: The results revealed significant differences between groups in the activation of VL and BF muscles (p < .05). Additionally, a significant difference was found in the onset timing of the VMO (p < .05). Although no statistically significant differences were observed in the RF and MG muscles, opposite patterns of muscle utilization were found between the two groups. 
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Medalist group was able to selectively recruit the necessary muscles in specific phases and optimize the timing of muscle contraction, thereby minimizing propulsion loss and energy consumption. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integration des Landing Error Scoring Systems und von OpenCap zur Risikobewertung von Verletzungen des vorderen Kreuzbandes bei Basketballspielerinnen: eine Vorstudie </title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097226</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097226</guid>
      <author>Cho, J.-H.</author>
      <author>Seo, S.-W.</author>
      <author>Kim, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Risikofaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Landung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Cho, J.-H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Seo, S.-W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kim, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: The purpose of this study was to objectively identify common landing errors in female basketball players by integrating the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) with OpenCap. 
Method: Eleven collegiate female basketball players were recruited to perform a LESS jump landing task from a 30 cm high box. Landing mechanics were recorded using two iOS devices via OpenCap. A modified full-body musculoskeletal model was used in conjunction with OpenSim's inverse kinematics to objectively quantify landing mechanics, including multiplanar knee joint motion. 
Results: The mean LESS was 5.64 ± 0.77, placing the participants in the moderate category of landing mechanics. The most frequently observed error was knee valgus displacement (LESS item 15), present in all participants. Joint displacement (LESS item 16) and knee valgus angle at initial contact (LESS item 5) were also prevalent, observed in 90.91% and 81.82% of participants, respectively. Based on LESS score distributions, 55% of participants categorized as having moderate landing mechanics, 27% as good, 9% as poor, and 9% as excellent. 
Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that targeted interventions may be necessary to reduce Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury risk among female basketball players. Integrating LESS scores with OpenCap provides a practical and accessible approach to identifying key biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleich der Asymmetrie des Drehimpulses im Unterarm und der Koordinationsmuster der Winkelgeschwindigkeit bei der ipsilateralen Kniestreckung bei Elite-Sprintern über 100 m und 400 m</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097227</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097227</guid>
      <author>Gil, H.-J.</author>
      <author>Lee, J.-H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>koordinative Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gil, H.-J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: This study investigated differences in forearm angular momentum asymmetry and ipsilateral knee extension coordination between elite 100 m and 400 m sprinters to identify event-specific upper-lower limb coordination strategies. 
Method: Twelve elite collegiate sprinters (100 m: n = 7, 400 m: n = 5) performed maximum-velocity sprinting at 40 m. Three-dimensional kinematics were captured using markerless motion capture (10 cameras, 120 Hz). Forearm angular momentum was normalized to body mass, and ipsilateral coordination with knee extension angular velocity was quantified through cross-correlation analysis. Time lags (t peak) and maximum correlation coefficients (r max) were extracted to characterize temporal coupling patterns. 
Results: Dominant-side time lag differed significantly between groups (400 m: 45.24 ± 4.41 ms vs. 100 m: 26.71 ± 22.29 ms, p = .018, r_ES = -.656), with 400 m sprinters exhibiting 18.5 ms longer delays. Coordination strength showed a trend toward higher values in 400 m sprinters (p = .073) without reaching significance. No significant differences were found in angular momentum asymmetry or peak values between groups. 
Conclusion: Elite 100 m and 400 m sprinters demonstrated distinct temporal coordination strategies in dominant-side upper-lower limb coupling. The longer time lag in 400 m sprinters reflects energy-efficient coordination strategies, while shorter delays in 100 m sprinters prioritize rapid force production through tight temporal coupling. These findings indicate that temporal coordination patterns, rather than spatial asymmetry, serve as sensitive indicators of event-specific biomechanical adaptation, providing evidence-based foundations for individualized sprint training programs. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kinematischer Vergleich der Startpositionen vom Typ A und H im Eisschnelllauf </title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097228</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097228</guid>
      <author>Ryu, S.</author>
      <author>Jun, M.-K.</author>
      <author>Park, S.</author>
      <author>Yoon, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eisschnelllauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Start</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Position</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ryu, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jun, M.-K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: This study aims to examine the kinematic differences between A-type and Htype start stances in speed skating. 
Method: Nine collegiate speed skaters (Age: 22.4 ± 1.7 years, Height: 174.0 ± 5.4 cm, Body Weight: 69.3 ± 5.7 kg) performed three trials of each start stance (A-type, H-type). Start motions were recorded using a 9-camera infrared motion capture system (100 Hz) with 48 reflective markers attached to major body segments. Kinematic variables, including the center of mass (COM) displacement, COM velocity, Base of support (BOS)-COM horizontal distance, push-off angle, and lower-limb joint range of motion (ROM), were analyzed across nine event-based phases. 
Results: The H-type stance showed a shorter execution time in the early phases (P1 and P3), whereas the A-type stance demonstrated greater anterior COM displacement and higher mean COM velocity in most phases (p<.05). The BOS-COM horizontal distance was significantly larger in the H-type stance (p<.05), indicating reduced initial stability. Push-off angles in the left (P4) and right (P6) push-off phases were greater in the H-type stance (p<.05). Additionally, the A-type stance exhibited greater hip and knee joint ROM during early push-off phases (p<.05). 
Conclusion: These findings indicate that the A-type stance is advantageous for achieving greater forward momentum and acceleration through larger joint utilization, whereas the H-type stance is effective for rapid initial reactions and efficient force transmission during push-off. Therefore, the selection of start stance may be optimized by considering individual skaters' physical characteristics and performance requirements. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kinematische Unterschiede beim Reissen bei steigenden Lasten bei Elite-Gewichtheberinnen </title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097229</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097229</guid>
      <author>Gil, H.</author>
      <author>Park, T.</author>
      <author>Yeom, D.</author>
      <author>Kim, D.</author>
      <author>Ryu, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gewichtheben</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Reißen</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gil, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Park, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yeom, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ryu, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of increasing load (75%, 80%, 85% of one-repetition maximum [1RM]) on postural stability and joint kinematics during the Snatch lift in elite collegiate female weightlifters. 
Method: Fifteen female weightlifters participated (Age: 20.3 ± 1.2 yr, Height: 162.0 ± 4.9 cm, Body Mass: 73.7 ± 16.9 kg). Each athlete performed two Snatch trials at 75%, 80%, and 85% of her 1RM. Three-dimensional kinematic data were obtained using the Theia3D markerless system. Horizontal displacement among the base of support (BOS), center of mass (COM), and barbell; trunk segment angles; and hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and ranges of motion (ROM) were analyzed across five events (E1-E5) and four phases (P1-P4). A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted (a = .05). 
Results: Horizontal displacement between BOS-COM and BOS-bar showed no differences from E1 to E4, but was significantly greater at E5 under the 85% condition compared with 80% (p<.05). Trunk extension angles were higher at E3 and E4 under heavier loads (85%>80% >75%, p<.05). ROM increased during the second pull (P2) and catch phase (P4), whereas ROM during the turnover phase (P3) was reduced with higher loads. Lower-limb joints exhibited similar patterns: hip, knee, and ankle ROM decreased at P3 but increased at P4 under the 85% load (p<.05). 
Conclusion: Female lifters maintained stable COM-bar alignment across load conditions; however, increasing load elicited compensatory adjustments characterized by restricted ROM during the turnover phase and greater ROM during the pull and catch phases. These findings suggest that load-induced instability in female lifters is influenced more by phase-specific ROM allocation and control strategies than by simple strength limitations. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleich der Kinematik der Fußsegmente in Abhängigkeit von der Tretleistung bei Radfahrerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097230</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097230</guid>
      <author>Gil, H.-J.</author>
      <author>Yoon, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fuß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Winkel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beschleunigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gil, H.-J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic characteristics of the foot segment between high-power and low-power pedaling groups in female cyclists, using functional biomechanical event points. 
Method: The study participants were 12 female road cyclists. They were divided into a high-power group (HPG, n=6; age: 29.6 ± 5.7 yrs., height: 163.8 ± 6.6 cm, body weight: 58.1 ± 4.8 kg, power output: 261.3 ± 31.8 W, power-to-weight ratio: 4.5 ± 0.5 W/kg) and a low-power group (LPG, n=6; age: 33.3 ± 12.1 yrs., height: 162.6 ± 7.4 cm, body weight: 56.1 ± 5.3 kg, power output: 167.5 ± 26.3 W, power-to-weight ratio: 3.0 ± 0.4 W/kg) according to the 5-minute functional threshold power output (=200 W or <200 W). Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected using a nine-camera motion capture system (100 Hz) during pedaling on a stationary smart trainer. The pedal cycle was segmented based on functional event points: E1 (30°), E2 (150°), E3 (210°), and E4 (330°). Foot segment angle (FSA), angular velocity (FSAV), and angular acceleration (FSAA) were analyzed at each event point and within each phase (P1-P4). 
Results: First, no significant differences were observed between groups in FSA, range of motion, or angular velocity at any event point or phase. Second, the maximum angular acceleration during the main propulsive phase (P1: 30-150°) was significantly greater in HPG than in LPG (p<.05, d=1.808). Third, the angular acceleration at E2 (150°) was significantly greater in HPG than in LPG (p<.05, d=1.321). Both variables showed large effect sizes. 
Conclusion: The kinematic distinction between high-power and low-power pedaling in female cyclists was more evident in foot segment angular acceleration than in angular position or velocity. These findings suggest that training interventions targeting rapid foot segment acceleration during the early propulsive phase may enhance pedaling efficiency in recreational cyclists. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Einfluss der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeiten der Gelenke der unteren Extremitäten und des Fußsegments auf den Erfolg bei der Punktevergabe im Taekwondo-Elektronischen-Körperschutz</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097231</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097231</guid>
      <author>Ryu, S.</author>
      <author>Park, S.-K.</author>
      <author>Gil, H.-J.</author>
      <author>Jang, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Taekwondo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bekleidung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sicherheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Schutz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ryu, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Park, S.-K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gil, H.-J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jang, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: This study aimed to analyze the kinematic differences between scoring-success and scoring-failure roundhouse kicks in Taekwondo and to determine the influence of lower extremity joint angular velocity, foot segment linear velocity, and attack angle of the velocity vector on scoring success against the electronic body protector (EBP). 
Method: Eleven male Taekwondo athletes (Age: 21.1 ± 0.8 years, Height: 178.7 ± 9.5 cm, Body Weight: 63.8 ± 12.3 kg, Career: 11.1 ± 2.6 years) participated in the study. Each athlete performed ten randomized roundhouse kicks, from which three successful and three unsuccessful scoring attempts were selected for analysis. Three-dimensional motion analysis was conducted using an eight-camera system (120 Hz) and a markerless tracking algorithm. Kinematic variables, including lower extremity joint angular velocities, foot segment linear velocities, and the attack angle of the foot segment velocity vector relative to the opponent's EBP, were calculated across the kicking phase. Paired t-tests and logistic regression analyses were used to examine differences and identify predictors of scoring success. 
Results: The medio-lateral linear velocity of the foot segment was significantly higher in successful kicks (p < .05). Additionally, the sagittal-plane attack angle of the foot segment velocity vector significantly predicted scoring success (p < .05). 
Conclusion: These findings indicate that EBP scoring success is influenced more by the foot segment's directional velocity toward the target than by the magnitude of joint angular velocity. The results highlight the importance of precise foot trajectory alignment and directional impact in successful scoring, suggesting that training should emphasize optimized approach paths rather than solely increasing kicking force. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Klassifizierung von korrekten Countermovement-Sprüngen unter Verwendung einer am Kreuzbein befestigten Trägheitsmesseinheit</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097232</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097232</guid>
      <author>Parr, T. E.</author>
      <author>Mehmeti, L.</author>
      <author>Reed, J.</author>
      <author>Le, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Klassifizierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Countermovement-Sprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Parr, T. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mehmeti, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Reed, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Le, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The countermovement jump is an important neuromuscular assessment that drives sports performance and clinical decision-making. However, poorly executed countermovement jump techniques yield inflated or unreliable metrics when measured by force plates or inertial measurement units. This study aimed to develop an inertial measurement unit-based algorithm to classify countermovement jumps as proper or improper by identifying common technique errors. Ten participants performed three proper countermovement jumps and four intentionally improper jumps on force plates while wearing a sacral-mounted inertial measurement unit. The four improper jump variations included one each of the following: (1) a squat jump, (2) a jump with knees tucked during flight, (3) a jump with feet kicked out during flight, and (4) a deep squat landing. For the analysis, the jumps involving knees tucked and feet kicked out were grouped together under the category "flight movement." The algorithm was developed to detect the improper jumps based on sacral inertial sensor acceleration and orientation. The inertial sensor algorithm detected 10/10 squat jumps, 18/20 jumps with flight movement, and 9/10 deep squat landings, while the force plates detected 4/10 squat jumps and were unable to identify other improper techniques. Binary proper/improper inertial measurement unit classifications achieved high sensitivity/recall (0.90), specificity (0.93), precision (0.90), and accuracy (0.91). These findings demonstrate that inertial sensors offer superior technique classification capabilities compared to force plates, and may enhance or replace them in clinical, athletic, and research settings to support more consistent countermovement jump assessments.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Übertragung computergestützter Leistungsbewertung auf die Leistung vor Ort bei unerfahrenen Feldhockey-Torhütern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097233</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097233</guid>
      <author>Lim, J. Z.</author>
      <author>Kong, P. W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entscheidungsverhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Torwart</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lim, J. Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kong, P. W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Field hockey goalkeeping requires a combination of decision-making and physical skills to perform well under pressure. While computer-based tasks have been used as a decision-making testing tool, such relevance to actual goalkeeping performance remains unclear in novice goalkeepers. This study examined whether performance in computer-based decision-making tasks could be transferred to in-situ field hockey goalkeeping, and whether reaction tests and physical attributes could predict successful goalkeeping performance. A total of 17 participants completed a series of computer-based and actual goalkeeping tasks, as well as seated and physical reaction tests. Results suggested that while response accuracy did not significantly differ between computer-based and in-situ tasks (p = 0.901), some individuals performed better in the computer-based task while others performed better in the actual goalkeeping task. Seated reaction task accuracy was a significant predictor of computer-based response accuracy (p = 0.012). However, in-situ performance could not be predicted from computer-based results, reaction tests or physical attributes. The study indicated no transferability of decision-making performance from computer-based to in-situ field hockey goalkeeping tasks in novice goalkeepers. Physical and anthropometrical variables also did not contribute to predicting successful goalkeeping performances. These findings caution against solely using computer tests to assess an individual`s potential to perform as a field hockey goalkeeper.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine quantitative Methode zur Bewertung von Störungen des GNSS-Signals in Sportstadien</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097234</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097234</guid>
      <author>Kim, M.</author>
      <author>Mills, K. L.</author>
      <author>Kim, B.</author>
      <author>Park, C.</author>
      <author>Yoon, J.</author>
      <author>Parkinson, T.</author>
      <author>Billingham, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportstätte</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Störung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>GNSS</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>position measurement</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Signal</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mills, K. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Park, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yoon, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Parkinson, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Billingham, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study introduces a quantitative method to evaluate the impact of roof coverage in football stadiums on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signal quality. GNSS is often used to track the positions of players in outdoor sports. However, stadium roofs or other structural obstacles can degrade the GNSS signal quality, and reduce the overall quality of the data. Given that many players compete across a variety of venues, each with different structural characteristics, this study investigated and analyzed the relationship between the stadium environment and GNSS signal performance. A methodology was developed to quantify the impact of roof coverage on GNSS signal quality. This was followed by hardware experiments that used the proposed method. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.01) was found between the GNSS performance attenuation ratio and the GNSS positioning error standard deviation. The results can help coaches and analysts improve the accuracy of player performance evaluations based on positional data in stadium environments.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ein hochpräzises Messgerät zur In-situ-Erfassung des Kettenverschleißes</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097235</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097235</guid>
      <author>Dowd, T.</author>
      <author>Cavanaugh, P.</author>
      <author>Mansson, J.-A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Tribologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Datenanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dowd, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cavanaugh, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mansson, J.-A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Accurate assessment of bicycle chain wear is essential for maintaining drivetrain efficiency, extending component lifespan, and preventing costly or hazardous failures, particularly in high-performance cycling. Many commercially available chain wear measurement tools may be limited by poor consistency, inconsistent or nonexistent applied preload, and user-dependent variability, while laboratory-based methods are impractical for field use. This study presents the design, development, and validation of a novel precision in-situ chain wear measurement tool for assessing bicycle chain elongation. This new tool offers robustness, repeatability, and accuracy for both laboratory and field applications. Measurement system performance was evaluated using a Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gage R&R) study, comprising five chains at varying wear levels, three repeated trials, and three appraisers. Data were analyzed using a two-way crossed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach. Results showed that 91.89% of the total observed variation was attributable to differences between the chains, while the measurement system (Total Gage R&R) contributed 8.11% to the total variance. The 95% expanded uncertainty for the tool was calculated as +/- 0.253 mm, and the Number of Distinct Categories (NDC) was 4 under the tested conditions. The core operational principle of the checker was validated, confirming its capability for quantitative chain wear assessment. This instrument enables precision and reproducible chain wear monitoring, supporting informed maintenance strategies for both research and high-performance cycling. By enabling proactive upkeep, it helps optimize equipment longevity, performance, and safety.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automatische Verfolgung von Hallensportlern mithilfe eines videobasierten Deep-Learning-Ansatzes: eine Studie zur gleichzeitigen Validität</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097236</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097236</guid>
      <author>Giovanini, B., Moura, F. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Video</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>deep learning</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Position</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>position measurement</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Giovanini, B., Moura, F. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity of DeepLabCut to estimate a player`s position and velocity in a pre-delimited course in an indoor environment. Ten young male basketball players (age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years; height: 181.7 ± 2.4 cm; body mass: 75.7 ± 3.6 Kg) were submitted to static and dynamic tasks. The proposed tracking method with a single camera was compared to an optoelectronic system. Validity was analyzed by means of absolute and relative errors, Bland-Altman plot analyses, intraclass correlation coefficients, root mean square errors, and statistical parametric mapping for velocity time series. Overall, intraclass correlation coefficients values showed good to excellent (0.78-0.94) reliability between systems. Errors were higher as the proposed speed of the task increased. Statistical parametric mapping indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in velocity curves of both systems during moments of 90-degree change of direction. However, no significant differences were found regarding linear displacements or on change-of-direction instants at lower velocities. Collectively, our results showed that DeepLabCut can be considered a valid and cost-effective method for determining the distance traveled and the instantaneous velocity during on-court activities, making high-quality tracking accessible to organizations with limited resources.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Learning-Modell zur Vorhersage der maximalen Hauptdehnung anhand von aus Eishockey-Videos abgeleiteten Aufprallmerkmalen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097237</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097237</guid>
      <author>Azadi, A.</author>
      <author>Dehghan, P.</author>
      <author>Karton, C.</author>
      <author>Gilchrist, M. D.</author>
      <author>Fraser, M.</author>
      <author>Hoshizaki, T. B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kopf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gehirn</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>deep learning</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Azadi, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dehghan, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Karton, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gilchrist, M. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fraser, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hoshizaki, T. B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Accurate estimation of brain tissue strain in sports is often limited by the high cost of sensors and the computational demands of finite element simulations. This study presents a deep-learning framework to predict maximum principal brain strain directly from video-derived biomechanical features and player age in youth ice hockey. We analysed 477 on-ice head impacts involving players aged 5-18 years, with reference strain values obtained from a previously validated finite element brain model. For each impact, four features, player velocity, surface compliance, impact location, and elevation, plus player age group were extracted. A fully connected neural network was trained using a five-run repeated hold-out protocol with 75%, 15%, and 10% of impacts used for training, validation, and testing, respectively, in each run. On the held-out test sets, the model achieved a mean squared error of 0.00142 ± 0.00051 and a mean coefficient of determination of 0.862 ± 0.032, where values represent mean ± standard deviation across runs. Permutation importance analysis identified impact velocity as the dominant predictor, followed by surface compliance, whereas location, elevation, and age contributed less within this dataset. The model converged quickly and required only about 8 ms per prediction on a standard desktop computer, indicating that inference is computationally lightweight. Although the present study was conducted offline, the same approach could be integrated into an automated video-analysis pipeline for event detection, head-impact detection, feature extraction, and velocity estimation, enabling near real-time assessment. This video-based, non-invasive method provides a scalable solution for monitoring brain strain in youth hockey and could potentially be extended to other sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung eines kommerziellen Trägheitsmesssystems zur Quantifizierung biomechanischer Gelenkwinkel bei Schussübungen im Eishockey</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097238</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097238</guid>
      <author>Iizuka, M.</author>
      <author>Wilkie, E. W. C.</author>
      <author>Denroche, S. K.</author>
      <author>Renaud, P. J.</author>
      <author>Pearsall, D. J.</author>
      <author>Robbins, S. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Winkel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Schuss</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Evaluation</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Iizuka, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wilkie, E. W. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Denroche, S. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Renaud, P. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pearsall, D. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Robbins, S. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study compared inertial measurement unit and optoelectric motion capture systems to measure joint kinematics during ice hockey shooting tasks. Eight high-level male players performed ten static wrist shots and slap shots on an in-lab artificial ice surface, recording data concurrently with both systems. Root Mean Square Error and the Coefficient of Multiple Correlation were used to quantify the differences and similarities in the participant`s joint angle measures between the two systems. Across all joints, average errors were comparable about the sagittal and frontal plane (within 12°), though transverse plane errors were higher. Similarity measures about the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes indicated very good (0.91), good (0.78-0.80), and moderate (0.70-0.74) waveform similarity, respectively. The relative errors observed were predominantly attributed to biomechanical model differences within each technology. Hence, future research should focus on standardizing models and calibration procedures and investigate longer, more complex tasks. Given the good to moderate agreement in the sagittal and frontal planes` absolute measures and measures over time, but poor agreement in transverse plane joint angles and frontal/transverse shoulder joint angles, caution should be taken when comparing hockey studies that use different motion capture systems for certain joints. Ankle (sagittal), knee (sagittal), and hip (frontal) inertial measurement unit joint angles provide valid data for ice hockey contexts as their errors are less than group comparison differences found in other studies. Inertial measurement units may provide a balanced option between practicality and accuracy to quantify representative and real time movement technique of ice hockey shooting.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automatisierung der Vorlagenerkennung im Fußball: Ein Ansatz des maschinellen Lernens unter Verwendung von Ereignis- und Tracking-Daten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097239</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097239</guid>
      <author>Klemmer, M.</author>
      <author>Arnsmeyer, K.</author>
      <author>Bauer, P.</author>
      <author>Bücker, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Datenanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Klemmer, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arnsmeyer, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bauer, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bücker, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Assists—the number of last passes before a goal—have been a predominant metric to evaluate offensive players contribution in association football. This poses two major limitations: first, assist definitions differ across data collection vendors, and second, the focus on passes leading to goals creates a strong dependency on the player taking the shot. We introduce the term potential assists comprising all actions, that prepare a teammate`s shot regardless of conversion. Additionally, we use expert-knowledge to derive an objective definition for potential assists and show that it can be detected with a substantial inter-rater reliability (Fleiss` k = 0.63, n = 5). Using this definition, we utilize video footage to label 500 assists manually and train multiple supervised machine learning models to classify potential assists based on 29 features derived from positional and event data. We apply our automated detection approach on 105 DFB-Pokal matches and demonstrate a scalable method to enhance automatic event detection and improve the comparability of assist statistics for application in player assessment and scouting.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zehn Fragen zur Sporttechnik: Generische Athletenmodelle für die Sportströmungsdynamik</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097240</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097240</guid>
      <author>Giljarhus, K. E. T.</author>
      <author>Terra, W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Strömungskanal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aerodynamik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Giljarhus, K. E. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Terra, W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Computational and experimental investigations of flow over athletes are key elements of sports fluid dynamics to analyse performance and equipment design. However, the use of athlete-specific models often limits reproducibility, collaboration, and data sharing due to ethical and competitive constraints. This paper introduces and defines Generic Athlete Models as openly available, standardized geometries accompanied by benchmark flow datasets. The case is made that such models are essential to improve the reliability, comparability, and transparency of fluid dynamics research in sports. While only a few generic athlete models currently exist, this paper outlines clear directions for their further development and broader adoption.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Leistung von Schmiermitteln in Fahrrad-Rollenketten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097241</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097241</guid>
      <author>Dowd, T.</author>
      <author>Cavanaugh, P.</author>
      <author>Mansson, J.-A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Tribologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dowd, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cavanaugh, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mansson, J.-A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Lubricant selection plays a crucial role in optimizing bicycle drivetrain efficiency by minimizing energy losses due to friction. The long-term characterization of lubricants over the full lubricant life in cycling remains underexplored. This study evaluates the performance of various lubricants, including immersion-style wax-based and drip-style wax emulsion lubricants under realistic cycling conditions using a custom-designed testing rig. Unused 11-speed chains were stripped of factory lubricants and treated with commercially available and custom lubricants. The performance of these lubricants was assessed through repeated efficiency tests and usage interval cycles. The results indicate that the best immersion-style wax lubricants were highly durable, repeatable, and provided consistent drivetrain efficiency over a long period (>60 h). However, some of them required a break-in period to reach maximum performance. Drip-style wax emulsion lubricants were less repeatable. One drip lubricant outperformed the best immersion-style wax lubricant under higher-speed conditions, suggesting that lubricant choice can be tailored to specific riding conditions to maximize efficiency. The insights gained from this study could provide guidance for cyclists, mechanics, and manufacturers in selecting and applying lubricants to enhance drivetrain efficiency and longevity, ultimately contributing to improved cycling performance and reduced component wear.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Einfluss der Wasserqualität auf die Eishärte und die Reibung zwischen Schlittschuhen und Eis in Eishallen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097242</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097242</guid>
      <author>Hutchins, R. H. S.</author>
      <author>Wang, J.</author>
      <author>Impellizzeri, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eiskunstlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eisschnelllauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eissport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eistanz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportstätte</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Boden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wasser</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schuh</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Tribologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Reibung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hutchins, R. H. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Impellizzeri, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Ice hardness and friction influence performance and safety in ice sports, yet the role of water quality remains poorly understood. This study examines how total dissolved solids in rink water affect ice characteristics using nondestructive hardness testing and a skate-to-ice static friction index measured under controlled rink conditions. Results show that temperature influences ice hardness and static friction, with colder ice being harder and exhibiting higher static friction. Water quality also plays a role, as lower total dissolved solid levels reduce static friction, with effects comparable to a 1C increase in ice temperature. However, ultra-pure water produced softer ice, while moderate total dissolved solid levels maintained ice hardness with minor static friction increases. These findings support hockey rink recommendations to maintain total dissolved solids near 80 to 100 ppm to balance ice hardness with friction performance. However, other sports, such as curling, may benefit from lower total dissolved solids for reduced static friction. Understanding these relationships informs best practices in rink maintenance and water treatment.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vor-Ort-Klassifizierung von Fußballspielbelägen: Einsatz von maschinellem Lernen für eine verbesserte Belagsanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097243</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097243</guid>
      <author>Burbrink, C. M.</author>
      <author>Dickson, K. H.</author>
      <author>Fidan, E. N.</author>
      <author>Walters, K. J.</author>
      <author>Sorochan, J. C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportstätte</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Boden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Klassifizierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Rasen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Burbrink, C. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dickson, K. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fidan, E. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Walters, K. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sorochan, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Sports turf surfaces, including natural turfgrass and synthetic turf, are complex systems with many parameters influencing their performance. This study aims to classify sports turf surfaces using data collected from a bespoke testing device, fLEX, which calculates seven separate metrics related to sports surface performance in both an acceleration format (designed to simulate an athlete accelerating) and deceleration format (designed to simulate an athlete decelerating). Sixty-eight collegiate and professional sports surfaces across the USA and UK were tested, covering a range of climates and field constructions. Surfaces were classified as cool-season, warm-season, or synthetic turf. After data preprocessing, including outlier removal and imputation, two machine learning models, decision tree and random forest, were trained and tested on the dataset. Feature importance was assessed using mutual information, revealing that recoil distance and maximum vertical force were the most critical variables for classification. The decision tree model achieved an accuracy of 84% for acceleration and 79% for deceleration, while the random forest model performed slightly better, with accuracies of 89% and 83%, respectively. Both models demonstrated low overfitting risk, with a minimal difference between training and testing accuracies. Misclassifications were analysed, highlighting the complexity of surface characteristics and potential for improving classification accuracy. The high performing models suggest that the fLEX testing device is an appropriate tool to classify the surfaces, and that unique characteristics exist within each surface category. Collectively, these findings represent a step toward advancing our understanding of the complexity of sports turf surfaces.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Marginale Leistungssteigerungen im Radsport: Quantifizierung der zeitabhängigen Auswirkungen einer Verringerung des Luftwiderstands</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097244</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097244</guid>
      <author>Zhou, P.</author>
      <author>Zhong, S.</author>
      <author>Liu, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aerodynamik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Aerodynamic optimization has gained increasing attention in competitive cycling. It is widely believed that aerodynamics plays a more critical role at higher riding speeds, as the power required to overcome aerodynamic drag is proportional to the cube of the riding speed, making it increasingly dominant at higher riding speeds. This study challenges the applicability of this paradigm for sprint cycling. We demonstrate that neither riding speed nor the percentage of power output used to overcome aerodynamic drag can adequately reflect the importance of aerodynamics in sprint cycling, due to the significant role of transient dynamics in sprint cycling. To address this gap, we present a theoretical framework based on perturbation analysis to examine marginal gains in sprint time resulting from time-dependent parameter variations. Our analysis also explores the trade-off between power output and aerodynamic efficiency. Through several case studies of standing-start sprints, we establish a quantitative relationship between aerodynamic improvements and savings in sprint time. Furthermore, we propose a metric to explicitly quantify the time-dependent importance of aerodynamic drag on sprint performance. Overall, this study advances the understanding of performance optimization in sprint cycling and provides a practical tool for marginal gain analysis.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Verfahren zur Validierung der Funktionsbelastung eines in ein Fahrradpedal integrierten drahtlosen dreiachsigen Kraftsensors</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097245</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097245</guid>
      <author>Chevallier, T.</author>
      <author>Fradet, L.</author>
      <author>Boucher, J.-P.</author>
      <author>Segol, M.</author>
      <author>Vignais, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Pedal</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Chevallier, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fradet, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boucher, J.-P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Segol, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vignais, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to propose and apply a validation method for a novel three-axis force sensor integrated into a cycling pedal, which offers several innovative features, notably compatibility with any bike or stationary cycle and fully wireless operation. A measurement rig was designed to compare the outputs of the pedal forces sensor with those of a reference sensor. A functional loading protocol—during which the pedal forces sensor was tested in seven different orientations—was performed to assess the pedal forces sensor validity in both directions of each axis. Data from the pedal forces sensor and the reference sensor were compared using difference plot, mean bias, intra-class correlation, correlation coefficient and root mean squared error. The maximum root mean squared error was observed for the normal axis (20 N). The validation method indicates that the pedal forces sensor demonstrated excellent agreement with the reference sensor for foot pedal reaction forces measurement and could be adapted to other force sensors.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Schneller Gewichtsabbau im Judo: Ernährungspraktiken und kurzfristige gesundheitliche Auswirkungen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096852</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096852</guid>
      <author>Staskiewicz-Bartecka, W.</author>
      <author>Ziomek, P.</author>
      <author>Dobkowska-Szefer, D.</author>
      <author>Malchrowicz-Mosko, E.</author>
      <author>Tomaszewski, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Regulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Körpergewicht</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Staskiewicz-Bartecka, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ziomek, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dobkowska-Szefer, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Malchrowicz-Mosko, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tomaszewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Rapid weight loss (RWL) is a widespread practice among judo athletes seeking to compete in lower weight categories. Restrictive nutritional and behavioral strategies used to achieve short-term reductions in body mass may impair physiological and psychological functioning. This study aimed to assess dietary behaviors, weight-cutting methods, and short-term physical and psychological effects of RWL among competitive judo athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2024 among 70 judo athletes (17 women, 53 men) competing at national and international levels. Data were collected using an author-designed questionnaire addressing anthropometric variables, training history, RWL strategies, dietary restrictions, hydration manipulation, and post-weigh-in eating behaviors. Physical and psychological symptoms were assessed using frequency-based self-report measures. Results: Most athletes (95.7%) reported engaging in RWL, typically beginning between ages 13 and 16 years (65.7%). Athletes reduced an average of 3.64 ± 1.74 kg (2-5% of body mass). Common strategies included decreasing meal frequency (74.29%), increasing training load (72.86%), restricting fluids (68.57%), and using saunas (62.86%). Reported physical symptoms included weakness (71.43%), headaches (51.43%), and dizziness (45.71%), while psychological symptoms included irritability (57.14%), reduced motivation (40%), and tension (38.57%). Post-weigh-in binge eating occurred in 65.71% of athletes and was significantly associated with higher RWL magnitude (p < 0.05). Discomfort during competition related to overeating (55.71%) or insufficient intake (41.43%) was also frequent. Conclusions: RWL is highly prevalent among judo athletes and often begins early in training history. The strategies used are associated with adverse physical and psychological symptoms and maladaptive compensatory behaviors. These findings highlight the need for evidence-based nutritional education and individualized weight-management approaches to support athlete health and performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pflanzenöle in der Sporternährung: eine narrative Literaturübersicht</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096853</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096853</guid>
      <author>Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fett</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fettsäure</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Veganer</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Vegetarier</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background/Objectives. Edible oils derived from herbaceous and woody plants are an important nutritional resource, assuring the health and performance of sportspeople. The aim of this study was to review the inventions and experimental articles referring to the application of vegetable oils in food products for sportspeople and published in the period of 2015-2024. Methods. The literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases, as well as by using Google Patents and Espacenet Patent search engines. Results. Altogether, 58 patents and 35 original articles were found. In total, the use of 39 plant taxa belonging to 27 botanical families was documented. The majority of disclosures refer to sports nutrition, post-exercise recovery support, and/or sport performance improvement and may be provided in the form of powders, tablets, beverages, and/or capsules. According to the reviewed studies, the consumption of olive, walnut, and perilla oils beneficially affects the morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators of sportspeople. The substantial intake of olive oil reported by sportspeople from southern Europe is linked to the recommendations of the Mediterranean diet, while lower consumption of other vegetable oils might be connected to focusing on intake of carbohydrates and/or proteins and/or consumption of other fat sources such as seeds or nuts. Conclusions. Considering the great potential of useful plant species, it might be concluded that future investigations should focus on both (i) further investigations of the effects of well-known vegetable oils on the health and performance of sportspeople, and (ii) searching for novel plant oil sources, suitable for the preparation of food products dedicated to amateur and professional sportspeople.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wissenslücken, Schlafstörungen und Energieungleichgewicht bei weiblichen Feldhockeyspielerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096854</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096854</guid>
      <author>Puchalt-Urbano, X.</author>
      <author>Calderón-García, A.</author>
      <author>Huertas, J. R.</author>
      <author>Sánchez-Oliver, A. J.</author>
      <author>López de la Torre, C.</author>
      <author>Aguila-Aguilar, E.</author>
      <author>Lopez Soto, P. J.</author>
      <author>Luque, R. M.</author>
      <author>Mata-Ordóñez, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Störung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Low Energy Availability</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Makronährstoff</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Puchalt-Urbano, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Calderón-García, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Huertas, J. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sánchez-Oliver, A. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>López de la Torre, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aguila-Aguilar, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lopez Soto, P. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Luque, R. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mata-Ordóñez, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Field hockey is a high-intensity intermittent sport, where nutrition and sleep play an important role in the performance and health of all players, especially in women, who often exhibit a dietary pattern characterized by low energy and carbohydrate intake, along with poor nighttime habits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the profile of female field hockey players by analyzing their energy and macronutrient intake, prevalence of LEA risk, use of SS, and sleep characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was carried out with 75 female players. Validated questionnaires were used to determine general sports nutrition knowledge (NUKYA) and specific knowledge of carbohydrates in sports (CEAC-Q), sleep quality (ASSQ), low energy availability risk (LEAF-Q), and use of sport supplements. In addition, a 7-day dietary record was analyzed. Results: Players showed a high general nutrition knowledge (NUKYA mean: 66.0 ± 8.5 points; 68.0% scored high), but a pronounced deficiency in specific carbohydrate knowledge (CEAC-Q mean: 24.3 ± 14.9 points; 84.0% scored low). Dietary intake analysis revealed significant deficiencies: mean energy intake was 31.9 ± 10.8 kcal/kg/day, resulting in insufficient intake for 78.7% of players. Carbohydrate intake was particularly low (3.6 ± 1.5 g/kg/day), with 86.7% failing to meet recommendations. Furthermore, 33.3% of players were at risk of Low Energy Availability (LEA). LEA risk (LEAF-Q score) was negatively correlated with both protein (r = -0.363; p = 0.001) and carbohydrate intake (r = -0.347; p = 0.003). Regarding sleep, the mean disturbance score (SDS) was 6.5 ± 2.9 (mild disturbance), with 33.3% showing moderate-severe disturbance, and 92.0% sleeping <=8 h. Finally, 78.7% of players used supplements, with usage correlated with CEAC-Q scores (r = 0.233; p = 0.044), and 86.4% were guided by non-professional sources. Conclusions: Female hockey players do not meet dietary recommendations for energy and carbohydrates and exhibit a high prevalence of low energy availability and sleep disturbances, despite having acceptable general sports nutrition knowledge. It is recommended to implement specific educational and nutritional strategies to enhance the knowledge, performance, and health of female hockey players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ernährung jenseits des Spitzensports: eine qualitative Untersuchung der Erfahrungen nach dem Rücktritt</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096855</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096855</guid>
      <author>Whillas, E. K.</author>
      <author>Craddock, J. C.</author>
      <author>Lambert, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfahrung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Australien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Karriereende</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Whillas, E. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Craddock, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lambert, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background/Objectives: Retirement from elite sport often disrupts structured routines and performance-driven nutrition habits, leaving athletes vulnerable to maladaptive eating behaviours and body image concerns. This study aimed to explore the experiences of former elite athletes regarding healthy eating after retirement, focusing on preparedness, barriers, and enablers during the transition to post-sport life. Methods: A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews with former Australian athletes (national, international, or Olympic level) recruited via snowball sampling and professional networks. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis framework to identify key themes and subthemes. Results: Sixteen elite or highly trained athletes (56% female) were interviewed. Four overarching themes were apparent: (1) navigating life beyond elite sport, (2) detaching from sporting culture and belief systems, (3) reframing food, body, and control, and (4) the journey to healthy behaviours and food freedom. Participants reported identity loss, inadequate transition support, and persistent body image concerns. Over time, many described a gradual shift towards intuitive eating and improved relationships with food and self, though residual "food noise" and restrictive tendencies persisted for some. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for athlete-centred dietetic and psychological interventions across the athletic lifecycle and post-retirement. Culture change within elite sport and the development of tailored, accessible transition resources that include digital and AI-supported tools may facilitate healthier eating behaviours and long-term wellbeing.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gelenkkinematik und intersegmentale Koordination beim wellenförmigen Unterwasserschwimmen: Vergleich von Schwimmern unterschiedlicher Leistungsstufen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096856</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096856</guid>
      <author>Yamakawa, K. K.</author>
      <author>Nakazono, Y.</author>
      <author>Arellano, R.</author>
      <author>Ruiz-Navarro, J. J.</author>
      <author>Sengoku, Y.</author>
      <author>Takagi, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>koordinative Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Diagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Unterwasser</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Yamakawa, K. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nakazono, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arellano, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ruiz-Navarro, J. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sengoku, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Takagi, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between performance in underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) and joint kinematics as well as intersegmental coordination. Thirty-one swimmers performed two 15 m UUS trials with maximum effort, and two-dimensional full-body kinematics were recorded using a camera. Twenty-four participants were categorised into higher- and lower-performance groups based on their UUS performance (n = 9 and n = 15, respectively) according to specific inclusion criteria. Time-series data of swimming velocity and joint and segmental angles were compared using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for continuous analysis. A kinematic synergy analysis was conducted to extract intersegmental coordination patterns from a single cycle of UUS movement. The SPM analysis revealed that the higher-performance group achieved greater swimming velocity during specific phases of both downward and upward kicks, with a longer period of difference in the upward kick phase. This result highlighted that attaining greater velocity during the upward kick is important for better UUS performance. The higher-performance group also exhibited greater shoulder motion during the downward kick, a larger maximal knee extension angle, and greater trunk movement during the upward kick. Furthermore, the difference in trunk motion was mainly attributed to variations in lower trunk movement. Kinematic synergy analysis indicated that two primary synergies predominantly contributed to UUS movement in both groups; however, coordination patterns involving the arm, lower trunk, and thighs differed between groups. These findings suggest that swimmers with higher UUS performance regulate shoulder and lower trunk movements to maintain an upper body position that minimises water resistance.

Highlights

- Higher-performance swimmers showed greater velocity in both kick phases, especially during the upward kick.
- During the late downward kick, high-performance swimmers maintained greater shoulder extension to reduce drag.
- During the upward kick, high-performance swimmers showed larger peak knee extension and greater lower-trunk flexion.
- Higher-performance swimmers were characterised by a coordination of the arms, lower trunk and thighs that reduced resistance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Biomechanische und neuromuskuläre Unterschiede zwischen Reißen und Umsetzen bei Spitzengewichthebern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096857</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096857</guid>
      <author>Arauz, P. G.</author>
      <author>Garcia, G.</author>
      <author>Llerena, J.</author>
      <author>Kao, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gewichtheben</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stoßen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Reißen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biochemie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Arauz, P. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Garcia, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Llerena, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kao, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Despite fundamental biomechanical differences between the snatch and clean, few studies have systematically compared their mechanical and neuromuscular profiles in elite weightlifters, limiting evidence-based training and coaching strategies. This study examined full-body kinematics, vertical ground reaction forces, surface electromyography (EMG), and barbell kinematics in 10 elite athletes performing lifts at 80 % of their competition maximum. Consistent with our hypothesis, the clean exhibited a force-dominant profile, characterized by higher vertical ground reaction forces across most lift phases (e.g., 904.2 ± 99.72 N vs. 842.81 ± 109.32 N at the end of the first pull, p < 0.001), greater EMG activity in the biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, and gluteus during key phases (p < 0.05), and reduced vertical bar displacement (1.08 ± 0.06 m vs. 1.29 ± 0.06 m, p < 0.001), reflecting its emphasis on efficient load transfer and postural control during the catch. In contrast, the snatch demonstrated a velocity- and technique-dominant profile, with higher bar velocities (e.g., 2.06 ± 0.16 m/s vs. 1.58 ± 0.19 m/s at the end of the second pull, p < 0.001), greater hip and knee flexion and abduction, and pronounced external rotation of the hip and shoulder during early and terminal phases of the lift, respectively (p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the snatch`s reliance on rapid bar acceleration, technical precision, and precise intersegmental coordination. The snatch`s longer bar path and wider grip (1 ± 0.05 m vs. 0.58 ± 0.05 m, p < 0.001), further underscore its dependence on mobility, neuromuscular timing, and technical proficiency rather than maximal force output. These lift-specific biomechanical signatures provide a foundation for optimizing strength and power development, refining technical coaching cues, and informing injury-prevention strategies in high-performance weightlifting.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Konsensusdokument der Spanischen Gesellschaft für Ernährung (SEÑ) zu Ernährungsstrategien im Sport</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096865</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096865</guid>
      <author>Mielgo-Ayuso, J.</author>
      <author>Macho-González, A.</author>
      <author>Úbeda, N.</author>
      <author>Sánchez-Oliver, A. J.</author>
      <author>Martínez-Ferrán, M.</author>
      <author>Fernández-Lázaro, D.</author>
      <author>Aparicio-Ugarriza, R.</author>
      <author>Roche, E.</author>
      <author>González-Gross, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spanien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kohlenhydrat</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Strategie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Ketogen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Fasten</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Mielgo-Ayuso, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Macho-González, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Úbeda, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sánchez-Oliver, A. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martínez-Ferrán, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernández-Lázaro, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aparicio-Ugarriza, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Roche, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>González-Gross, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction: Nutrition plays a fundamental role in sports performance by influencing energy availability, recovery, and training adaptation. In recent years, different dietary strategies have gained popularity among athletes, although the evidence supporting their efficacy is inconsistent. Objective: This consensus document, developed under the auspices of the Spanish Society of Nutrition, aims to provide a critical overview of the most relevant nutritional strategies currently used in sports and to offer evidence-based practical recommendations for both professional and recreational athletes, coaches, and health professionals. Methods: A narrative review was conducted following standardized scientific procedures by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. The analyzed strategies included high-carbohydrate, low-carbohydrate, ketogenic, intermittent fasting, plant-based, Paleolithic, and carbohydrate periodization diets. Each strategy was assessed based on its physiological rationale, evidence of performance in endurance, strength/power, sprint, aesthetic, weight category, and team sports, practical applications, and potential risks. Results: The available evidence shows that no single dietary strategy can be universally recommended for all athletes. High carbohydrate availability remains the most consistent approach for sustaining performance in endurance and high-intensity efforts. Low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets enhance fat oxidation but often compromise exercise economy at competitive intensity levels. Intermittent fasting may improve body composition and metabolic health; however, it requires careful adaptation. Well-planned plant-based diets can support performance, although attention to certain nutrients (e.g., B12, iron, and omega-3) is essential. Paleolithic diets improve metabolic parameters but show limited direct evidence of athletic performance. Carbohydrate periodization is a promising tool for combining metabolic adaptations with competitive demands. Conclusions: Nutritional strategies should be individualized according to the athlete`s sport, training phase, and personal context. Professional guidance is crucial for minimizing risks and optimizing benefits. Further well-designed, long-term studies on athletes are needed to resolve the current controversies.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anämieprofil bei israelischen Spitzensportlern auf olympischem Niveau - ist ein Screening notwendig?</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096866</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096866</guid>
      <author>Abulafia, O.</author>
      <author>Eliakim, A.</author>
      <author>Shilat, T.</author>
      <author>Epstein, Y.</author>
      <author>Nemet, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Israel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Störung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biochemie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Anämie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Screening</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Hämoglobin</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Erythrozyt</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Eisen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Abulafia, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Eliakim, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shilat, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Epstein, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nemet, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Screening blood tests are often collected from elite athletes in an effort to optimize performance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the yield of screening for anemia and anemia-related factors in elite athletes entering the Israeli Olympic team. Methods: We investigated hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count and indices and serum levels of iron, transferrin, ferritin, B12 and folic acid in 407 members of the Israeli Olympic team (179 females, 228 males) upon joining the team. Results: Forty-four (10.8%) athletes had abnormally lower Hb level (8.9% females and 12.3% males). Forty-two athletes (10.3%) had low RBC concentration (9.5% females and 11% males). Twenty-one athletes (5.2%) had low iron levels (7.9% in males and 1.7% in females) and only 14 athletes (7 males) had low ferritin levels (3.4%). Fourteen female athletes (7.8%) had ferritin levels of less than 20 ng/mL, and 43 (24%) had levels of less than 30 ng/mL. There were no cases of both anemia and low ferritin levels together. Twenty-five athletes (6.1%) had low levels of folic acid with higher prevalence (7%) in males. Only five athletes (1.2%) had low levels of vitamin B12, while 29 (7.1%) had levels higher than normal. None of them had abnormal Hb. In a multiple regression analysis, combat sports had significantly lower Hb levels. Conclusions: The yield of anemia screening and especially anemia-related biochemical abnormalities in adult elite athletes may be relatively low. Clearly, anemia should not be missed in the elite athlete, yet, if there are no signs or symptoms, Hb levels are close to normal and dilution is diagnosed, further frequent biochemical evaluation may be unnecessary.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Trainerhumorstile und Athletenengagement: Ein relationsbasiertes Mediationsmodell im Kontext von Mannschaftssportarten</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:46:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096867</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4096867</guid>
      <author>Egemen Merdan, H.</author>
      <author>Çaglar, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Trainer-Sportler-Beziehung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Mannschaftssportart</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Egemen Merdan, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Çaglar, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Humour, often viewed as a light-hearted communicative tool, carries important relational significance in elite sport. Affiliative humour has the potential to build trust and cohesion, whereas aggressive humour may threaten relational safety and undermine athlete engagement. While humour has been widely studied in organizational psychology, its implications in sport coaching remain underexplored. This study examined how athletes` perceptions of coaches` humour styles influence motivational commitment through the mediating mechanisms of relationship quality - closeness, commitment, and complementarity - guided by Humour Styles Theory, the 3+1 Cs Model, and the Sport Commitment Model. Participants were 341 athletes (aged 18-35) from five team sports in Türkiye. Measures assessed perceptions of coaches` affiliative and aggressive humour, coach-athlete relationship quality, and two forms of sport commitment: enthusiastic and constraint commitment. Regression-based mediation analyses tested indirect effects of humour styles on commitment through relational dimensions. Results indicated that affiliative humour was positively associated with enthusiastic commitment, fully mediated by athletes` perceptions of commitment and complementarity, but not by closeness. In contrast, aggressive humour predicted lower levels of enthusiastic commitment, both directly and indirectly through weakened perceptions of commitment and complementarity. Neither humour style showed significant associations with constraint commitment. These findings suggest that affiliative humour strengthens athletes` motivation by reinforcing task-relevant relational dynamics, whereas aggressive humour undermines them. In performance-driven contexts, functional alignment may be more influential than emotional closeness. Coach education programmes should therefore encourage the intentional use of affiliative humour as a relational strategy to sustain athlete engagement and long-term commitment. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
