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    <item>
      <title>Multisensorische Bewertung und maschinelles Lernen zur Klassifikation von Athleten in der Talentidentifikation</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097357</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097357</guid>
      <author>MacGabhann, S.</author>
      <author>Waddington, G.</author>
      <author>Witchalls, J.</author>
      <author>Cobley, S.</author>
      <author>Dowse, R.</author>
      <author>Newman, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eignung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wasserspringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Klassifizierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Talentidentifikation</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>MacGabhann, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Waddington, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Witchalls, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cobley, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dowse, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Newman, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Talent identification in elite sport is challenged by maturation confounding and limited objective assessment tools. This preliminary study examined whether visual-vestibular-somatosensory and autonomic (VVS-A) measures distinguished podium-level from entry-level divers using machine learning.
Objectives
Roberts et al. (2019)1 Identify VVS-A features distinguishing podium-level divers from a Come and Try group using traditional statistical comparisons; Cobley et al. (2009)2 evaluate machine-learning models' ability to classify podium-level athletes; Sweeney et al. (2022)3 examine the distribution of classification probabilities using lift-curve analysis.
Design
Cross-sectional exploratory study with machine-learning classification.
Methods
Sixty participants from an Olympic diving talent identification programme underwent VVS-A assessment. Somatosensory function was evaluated via ankle proprioception using the AMEDA device. Visual, vestibular, and autonomic functions were assessed using the Prism-Neuro Eye system. Group differences were examined using independent-samples Student t-tests. Supervised ML models were trained on selected VVS-A measures and evaluated using cross-validation and a held-out test set.
Results
Podium-level athletes demonstrated superior ankle proprioception (Left: p<0.001, d=1.57; Right: p<0.001, d=1.83) and visual-vestibular smooth pursuit (p=0.001, r=0.51). No group differences were observed for voluntary saccades or autonomic metrics. A calibrated Ridge Logistic Regression model classified podium-level athletes with high accuracy within this sample (94.4%; AUC=0.889).
Conclusion
Selected VVS-A measures were associated with differences in current performance level in Olympic diving. However, the cross-sectional design, age differences between groups, and limited sample size preclude conclusions regarding predictive validity, necessitating longitudinal sport-specific validation before informing applied practice within talent identification contexts.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleich der Hämoglobinmasse in Elite-Ausdauersportarten und intraindividuelle Reliabilität unter Verwendung der optimierten CO-Re-Breathing-Methode</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097358</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097358</guid>
      <author>Green, D. J.</author>
      <author>Lobb, C.</author>
      <author>Scott, B.</author>
      <author>Turner, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Triathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Langstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mittelstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Hämoglobin</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Hämoglobinmasse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Green, D. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lobb, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Scott, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Turner, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
Total haemoglobin mass (tHbmass) is a critical factor in endurance performance. The aim of this study was to compare tHbmass between elite endurance athletes of different sports and assess the reliability of the optimised carbon monoxide rebreathing (oCOR) method in elite endurance athletes.
Design
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 99 male and 75 female elite endurance athletes from athleticslong (22 male/22 female), athleticsmiddle (33 male/24 female), swimming (28 male/17 female), and triathlon (16 male/12 female).
Results
Linear regression modelling revealed tHbmass was positively associated with age, body mass and sex (p<0.001). After adjusting for age, body mass, and sex, athleticslong and triathlon exhibited greater tHbmass than swimming (+9.5%, 3.8-15.4%; +9.1%, 3.8-15.0%) and athleticsmiddle (+6.1%, 2.1-11.9%; +5.7%, 1.4-11.5%) respectively. No difference was observed between athleticslong and triathlon (0.4%, -4.1 - 5.8%) or between athleticsmiddle and swimming (3.1%, -1.3% - 8.8%) (values represent % difference with 95% confidence intervals). Analysis of within-subject reliability for tHbmass measurements showed homoscedastic error and a standard error of measurement of 23±3g, indicating that measurement error represents a larger proportion of smaller tHbmass values than of larger ones.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that elite athletes from distinct endurance disciplines can exhibit sport specific haematological adaptations. In addition, this study provides reliability data that can assist practitioners working in elite sport to identify the minimum detectable difference and inform the optimal number of replicate measurements using the oCOR method.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chinesische Trainerperspektiven zu nicht-physischen Faktoren bei Trainingsanpassungen: eine multikausale, kulturübergreifende Perspektive</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097359</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097359</guid>
      <author>Anyadike-Danes, K.</author>
      <author>Qu, M.</author>
      <author>Donath, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gewichtheben</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielsportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>China</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Perspektive</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Racket sports</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Anyadike-Danes, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Qu, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Donath, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
We surveyed Chinese coaches to examine their opinion on the role of non-physical factors in training adaptation and performance, to compare these with prior Western data, and to consider the influence of cultural reasoning styles on causal prioritisation.
Design
Cross-sectional survey.
Methods
A mixed-methods survey was administered to Chinese coaches (n=106) across a range of sports (e.g. Olympic Weightlifting and racket sports) and competitive levels (club to international). Included were items rating the importance of various non-physical factors alongside physical training components and open-ended questions probing perceived mechanisms.
Results
The majority of coaches (e.g., >=80%) rated non-physical factors as essential modifiers of training adaptation and performance across all timescales. Quantitative ratings showed a broad range of factors were considered important, with less clustering than observed in a prior Western sample. Qualitative themes indicated that coaches view non-physical factors as modulators that act to amplify or dampen the effects of training, thus shaping "how much" an athlete improves. These findings align with a multicausal ("causal pie") perspective and suggest a holistic orientation in causal reasoning.
Conclusions
These coaches perceived training adaptation as inherently multifactorial, with non-physical factors functioning as critical modifiers rather than peripheral influences. The broad range of importance ratings suggests cultural context may shape causal prioritisation. Sport science should move beyond linear, physical-centric models and incorporate culturally informed, configurational frameworks that account for the diverse conditions underpinning adaptation. Future cross-cultural and mixed-methods research is needed to test whether cognitive style differences underlie variation in coaching beliefs and to refine training models that are globally relevant.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>"Es geht um den Kuchen, nicht um die Glasur": Der aktuelle Stand des australischen Hochleistungssport-Systems: eine qualitative Gap-Analyse-Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097360</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097360</guid>
      <author>Guevara, S. A.</author>
      <author>Appaneal, R. N.</author>
      <author>Keegan, R. J.</author>
      <author>Waddington, G.</author>
      <author>Drew, M. K.</author>
      <author>Dare, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Australien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Organisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Steuerung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Guevara, S. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Appaneal, R. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Keegan, R. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Waddington, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Drew, M. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dare, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
Primary: To examine the current macro-system state of the Australian high-performance sport (HPS) pathway system and characterise macro-system level factors (gaps) influencing athlete attrition, including the relationships between these factors.
Secondary: To develop an integrative framework to increase awareness and facilitate targeted discussions about how to retain talented athletes within HPS pathway programs.
Design
Qualitative; gap analysis using a grounded theory and system's thinking approach.
Methods
Twenty-three Australian HPS system governance level stakeholders who worked with, or specialised in, Olympic or Paralympic performance pathways were recruited. Using a grounded theory approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted using gap analysis principles as a guide.
Results
This study identified three overarching domains: `governance and assurance`, `coaching` and `health stewardship`; along with eight themes and twenty-five subthemes. An integrated framework was developed to illustrate the interdependencies between the identified domains. From examining the framework and relationships between the three domains, four considerations were identified: (1) `knowledge management` with the high-performance sport pathway system needs refinement; (2) pathway strategies need to be `fit for purpose`; (3) `health stewardship` is a shared system-wide responsibility; and (4) `attrition and retention monitoring` needs to be prioritised within high-performance sport pathway programs.
Conclusion
Findings emphasise the importance of refining knowledge management strategies, optimising pathway frameworks, integrating health stewardship, and prioritising systematic attrition monitoring within pathway programs. Addressing these considerations can improve athlete retention, enhance system stewardship, organisational performance and support the long-term sustainability of high-performance sport pathways.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkungen einer Kombination aus Tangeretin und Molkenprotein-Supplementierung auf die Körperzusammensetzung und das Hormonprofil bei Spitzensprintern: Eine doppelblinde randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097406</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097406</guid>
      <author>Cao, Z.</author>
      <author>Zhang, Z.</author>
      <author>Liu, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kurzstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eiweiß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kombination</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körperbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Testosteron</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Cortisol</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective
This study explored the combined effects of tangeretin and whey protein on serum testosterone and cortisol in competitive athletes.
Methods
In a double-blind,controlled trial, 24 elite sprinters were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EXP, n = 12) taking tangeretin (200 mg) and whey protein (19.8 g) daily, and a control group (CTRL, n = 12) taking only whey protein (19.8 g) over four weeks. Weekly and post-intervention tests measured serum testosterone, cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, along with pre- and post-intervention anthropometric assessments.
Results
After intervention, a significant Time × Group interaction was observed for fat-free mass (FFM), which increased significantly in the EXP but not in the CTRL, with a greater percentage increase in EXP (2.3 % vs. 1.1 %, p = 0.018). Similar interactions were found for fat mass and body fat percentage, which decreased significantly in EXP. For biochemical indicators, no significant Group × Time interactions were found. However, a significant main effect of time was identified for serum testosterone and ACTH, indicating comparable temporal changes in both groups. No significant time or interaction effects were observed for cortisol, T/C ratio and SOD.
Conclusion
Four weeks of combined whey protein and tangeretin supplementation significantly improved body composition in elite sprinters, whereas it did not significantly alter systemic hormonal profiles or antioxidant activity compared to whey protein alone.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen der elektrischen neuromuskulären Mikrostromstimulation auf die Erholung der Muskelleistung nach hochintensiven kombinierten Sprint- und Krafttrainings</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097407</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097407</guid>
      <author>Hiroshige, Y.</author>
      <author>Yamaguchi, R.</author>
      <author>Ebato, T.</author>
      <author>Kunitomo, R.</author>
      <author>Kajitani, R.</author>
      <author>Shinada, N.</author>
      <author>Kato, H.</author>
      <author>Wada, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stimulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kombination</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kurzstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hiroshige, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yamaguchi, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ebato, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kunitomo, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kajitani, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shinada, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kato, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wada, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective
This study examined the effects of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) on recovery of hamstring muscle function after high-intensity sprint and resistance training in male collegiate sprinters.
Design
A double-blinded, randomized, within-subjects crossover trial.
Setting
A university research laboratory.
Participants
Nine athletes underwent a crossover trial, receiving either MENS (for 20 min per day) or placebo treatment for five days during and after three consecutive days of training.
Main outcome measures
Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force of hamstring, eccentric force using Nordic hamstring (NH force), jump ability (counter movement jump), muscle soreness using a visual analog scale, muscle flexibility, and muscle contractile properties using tensiomyography, were assessed before training and immediately, 1 day, and 2 days after training.
Results
MENS significantly accelerated recovery of MVC and NH force, muscle contraction velocity, and reduced muscle soreness compared to the placebo (P < 0.05). However, no significant effect was observed on muscle flexibility and jump height recovery.
Conclusions
MENS may be a practical and effective passive recovery strategy to promote performance recovery in sprinters following high-intensity training. The study is the first investigation to evaluate MENS in training context and supports its potential to mitigate overreaching effects and reduce injury risk.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Das Tempo der ersten und einzigen Frau, die den längsten Triathlon der Welt absolviert hat: Der Triple Deca Ultra-Triathlon 2024</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097408</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097408</guid>
      <author>Duric, S.</author>
      <author>Andrade, M. S.</author>
      <author>Leite, L. B.</author>
      <author>Forte, P.</author>
      <author>Nikolaidis, P. T.</author>
      <author>Cuk, I.</author>
      <author>Weiss, K.</author>
      <author>Rosemann, T.</author>
      <author>Knechtle, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Triathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Ultraausdauersport</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Pacing</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Fallstudie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Duric, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Andrade, M. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leite, L. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Forte, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nikolaidis, P. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cuk, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Weiss, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rosemann, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Knechtle, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose
Pacing in triathlon has been analyzed for distances up to 60 long-distance triathlons in 60 days in men. However, no study has examined pacing in a female ultra-endurance triathlete in a multi-day triathlon exceeding 10 days. Thus, this case study analyzes the pacing of the first and only woman to complete 30 long-distance triathlons in 30 days.
Methods
Lap times for swimming, cycling, and running, including transitions, were collected from race results. The athlete tracked each discipline daily using a Fenix 7 Sapphire Solar, recording average and maximum heart rates and energy expenditure. The coefficient of variation and second-order polynomial regression were calculated for average pace, split, and total times. Repeated measures ANOVA tested interactions in pace performance across 10-day phases and intra-discipline daily pacing variations. Multivariate regression examined physiological parameters` impact on pacing.
Results
The female triathlete maintained a relatively even pacing strategy throughout the race, with a decrease in cycling speed and an increase in running speed. Cycling showed the strongest and significant correlation with total race time (r = 0.810; p < 0.001), while running (r = 0.347; p = 0.119) and swimming (r = -0.312; p = 0.165) displayed non-significant associations. The pace varied within the disciplines, with cycling becoming slower and running faster in the last quarter of the race. Energy expenditure, maximum and average heart rate were significant predictors for cycling (R2 = 0.538; p < 0.001), while only average heart rate was the best predictor for running performance (R2 = 0.450; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Tactical considerations most likely influenced pacing, particularly in cycling and running. Future research should further explore pacing strategies in ultra-endurance events.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von Blutflussrestriktion bei geringer Belastung im Vergleich zu Krafttraining mit hoher Belastung auf die Kraft im Oberkörper bei männlichen College-Turnern: Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097413</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097413</guid>
      <author>Li, A.</author>
      <author>Tang, J.</author>
      <author>Zheng, K.</author>
      <author>Chen, J.</author>
      <author>Wang, G.</author>
      <author>Feng, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gerätturnen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Durchblutung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>blood flow restriction training</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Blutfluss</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Oberkörper</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zheng, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Feng, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose
High-load resistance training (HRT) is the standard for developing strength, characterized by high mechanical loads. Low-load training with blood flow restriction (BFR-LRT) has emerged as an alternative that uses lower mechanical loads but greater repetition volume to induce metabolic stress. While these training modalities impose differing physiological demands, the extent to which they produce comparable adaptations in highly trained athletes remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-week BFR-LRT program versus a traditional HRT program on upper-body maximal strength and strength endurance in male collegiate gymnasts.
Methods
Thirty male collegiate gymnasts completed the experiment in three parallel groups: HRT (3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]), BFR-LRT (1 set of 30 and 3 sets of 15 repetitions at 30% 1RM), or a control group (CG) that performed only regular gymnastics training. The 6-week intervention was preceded by familiarization and reliability testing. Upper-body maximal strength (1RM for bar dip, pull-up, and shoulder press) and strength endurance (maximal repetitions for bar dips 60s, pull-ups 40s, and handstand push-ups 40s) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), with baseline scores as a covariate, was used to compare post-intervention outcomes. To formally interpret non-significant comparisons between the HRT and BFR-LRT groups, a follow-up Bayesian ANCOVA was performed. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to determine if improvements in maximal strength mediated the observed gains in strength endurance.
Results
Both HRT and BFR-LRT produced significantly greater improvements than the control group across all outcomes. The primary comparison revealed no statistically significant differences between the HRT and BFR-LRT groups on any measure. The 95% confidence intervals for the adjusted mean differences consistently included zero, supporting their comparable efficacy. Follow-up Bayesian analysis consistently provided anecdotal evidence supporting comparable efficacy between the two training groups (Bayes Factor BF01 > 2.0 for five of six outcomes). Exploratory mediation analysis revealed divergent mechanistic pathways for these adaptations: for handstand push-ups, endurance gains were statistically mediated by increased maximal strength in the HRT group, whereas this pathway was not significant for the BFR-LRT group.
Conclusion
In this cohort of elite gymnasts, a 6-week BFR-LRT program produced comparable adaptations in upper-body strength and strength endurance to traditional HRT, with Bayesian analysis supporting their similar efficacy. Mediation analysis revealed that the pathways to these gains were modality-specific: improvements in handstand push-up endurance were statistically mediated by gains in maximal strength for the HRT group, but not for the BFR-LRT group. These findings establish BFR-LRT as a viable low-load training alternative that may stimulate adaptations through distinct physiological mechanisms, offering important practical implications for managing training volume and mitigating joint stress.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleichende Auswirkungen von hochintensivem Intervalltraining in niedrigen und mittleren Höhenlagen auf die 5000-Meter-Leistung und die subjektiven Reaktionen: Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097414</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097414</guid>
      <author>Fentaw, S.</author>
      <author>Tadesse, T.</author>
      <author>Birhanu, Z.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Höhentraining</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Langstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>RPE</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hypoxie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>HIIT</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Pacing</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>subjektiv</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Fentaw, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tadesse, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Birhanu, Z.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background/objectives
Hypoxia compromises training quality, yet high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed under hypoxia may elicit greater benefits than does normoxic HIIT. However, its effects on pacing and perceived exertion remain underexplored, particularly in moderate-altitude distance runners. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of HIIT performed at low (~1220 m) versus moderate (~2850 m) altitudes on pacing and rated perceived exertion (RPE) during a 5000 m race.
Methods
Forty-two moderate-altitude inhabitant runners (men/women, 23/19) were randomly allocated into the HIIT groups at ~2850 m (HIIT2850m, n = 14) and at ~1220 m (HIIT1220m, n = 14), and the control group at ~2850 m (CG2850m, n = 14). The HIIT intervention was completed by the HIIT2850m group at moderate altitude and the HIIT1220m group, which travelled to low altitude for 8 weeks with 2 sessions.wk-1. Each session consisted of 4 × 4 min intervals at 100% velocity at maximum oxygen consumption (vVO2 max, determined at their respective training sites), with 3 min recovery at 70% vVO2 max intensity. Before and after the intervention, 5000 m races were performed in a matched group on a 400 m track at ~2850 m and every km speed and RPE were recorded.
Results
The results indicated that the participants used a similar parabolic reversed-J shaped strategy, with significant 5000-m time improvements observed in both the HIIT1220m (Delta: 20.1 ± 23.7 s, p = 0.007) and the HIIT2850m (Delta: 16.7 ± 25.9 s, p = 0.003) groups. A significant main effect of time (except at the 2nd km, p = 0.693) and a main effect of group (at the 1st km, p = 0.034 and 5th km, p = 0.044) were observed in pace, along with a significant group-by-time interaction in all km segments. Compared with the CG2850m, both interventions demonstrated significantly greater speeds at the 1st and 5th km and lower RPE, with greater changes in the HIIT1220m group.
Conclusion
The results suggest that HIIT at both altitudes improved performance and RPE, with quality training at low altitudes producing greater benefits, offering strategic insights for athletes and coaches.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Eine Untersuchung der Reaktionen der Körpertemperatur sowie der Vorbereitungsmethoden von Elite-Freiwasserschwimmern bei europäischen Schwimmwettkämpfen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097415</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097415</guid>
      <author>Markey, K.</author>
      <author>Christmas, B. C. R.</author>
      <author>Esh, C.</author>
      <author>Galan-Lopez, N.</author>
      <author>Adams, W. M.</author>
      <author>Constantini, N.</author>
      <author>Mountjoy, M. L.</author>
      <author>Taylor, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Freiwasserschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thermoregulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Akklimatisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Markey, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Christmas, B. C. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Esh, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Galan-Lopez, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Adams, W. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Constantini, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mountjoy, M. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Taylor, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
Open water swimming competition occurs within a water temperature (Tw) range (World Aquatics Tw: 16-31°C) where heat- (hyperthermia) and cold-related (hypothermia) medical events and race-dropouts regularly occur. These can be attributed to the thermodynamic properties of water and human thermoregulatory (Treg) maladaptations for submersion [modest deviations (±0.5-2°C) in core temperature (Tc) can impair performance and health]. Additionally, little real-world knowledge regarding elite open water swimmer preparation [e.g., heat/cold acclimation/acclimatisation] for extreme environments is available. Thus, elite swimmers' Tc and preparation practices were characterised during open water swimming competition.
Design
(i) Characterise Tc responses; and (ii) questionnaire preparation practices of elite swimmers within cold and warm Tw European Aquatics open water swimming competitions.
Methods
Tc data were characterised (ingestible-telemetry) for 50 (20 female) elite swimmers during the 2023-25 European Aquatics Open Water Swimming Cup (Leg 4 — COLD1, Leg 1 — COLD2, Leg 5 — COLD3, Leg 1 — COLD4) and the 2023 Junior European Aquatics Open Water Swimming Championships (WARM). A pre- and post-race questionnaire was disseminated to survey training/preparation practices and symptomology in-race.
Results
Tc responses were highly variable [maximum±Tc °C change: COLD1 (+1.2°C; -2.0°C), COLD2 (+1.2°C; -1.6°C), COLD3 (+1.7°C; -1.3°C), COLD4 (+2.2°C; -4.2°C), WARM (+1.8°C; -1.7°C)]. Mild and/or hypo/hyper-thermia co-presented within the same race. Tc in-race was not associated with race time, nor ranking (P>=.080). Heat/cold acclimation/acclimatisation adoption was not associated with lower likelihood of hypo-/hyper-thermia (P>=.184), nor cold/heat-related symptomology in-race (P>=.837).
Conclusions
The observed variability in Tc responses, alongside co-presentation of mild and/or hyper-/hypo-thermia in-race surfaces the challenges to protect open water swimmers' health and performance during competition. Whilst heat/cold acclimation/acclimatisation and body temperature manipulation (e.g., cooling/heating) interventions may be helpful, there is a paucity of open water swimming specific data to evidence-inform practice.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Skibergsteigen als olympischer Newcomer: Fakten, Wettkampfformate und leistungsrelevante Anforderungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097395</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097395</guid>
      <author>Redaktion LEISTUNGSSPORT</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Skibergsteigen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsvoraussetzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Struktur</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Redaktion LEISTUNGSSPORT</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Mit der Aufnahme des Skibersteigens in das Programm der Olympischen Winterspiele 2026 erhält eine Ursprungsdisziplin des alpinen Wintersports erstmals olympischen Status. Skibergsteigen verbindet hohe aerobe und anaerobe Belastungen mit technisch anspruchsvollen Übergängen sowie komplexem Materialhandling. Der Beitrag stellt Skibergsteigen als olympischen Newcomer vor und fasst zentrale Fakten zu Wettkampfformaten, Leistungsanforderungen und strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen zusammen.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Frühspezialisierung versus Sportartensammeln: das differenzierte Modell der Nachwuchsausbildung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097396</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097396</guid>
      <author>Hohmann, A.</author>
      <author>Siener, M.</author>
      <author>Charbonnet, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spezialisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hohmann, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Siener, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Charbonnet, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Wann ist der optimale Zeitpunkt für den Trainingseinstieg? Führt frühe Spezialisierung oder eher Sportartensammeln zum späteren Erfolg? Diese Studie konstruiert und prüft ein differenziertes Modell der Nachwuchsausbildung mit sieben Hypothesen, die Zusammenhänge zwischen motorischer Vielseitigkeit im Kindesalter (im Alter von acht Jahren), Sportartkomplexität, Trainingseinstieg, Sportartensammeln und dem späteren Leistungsniveau im frühen Erwahcsenenalter (U 21) herstellen. Mittels regressionsbasierter Pfadanalyse wurden die Entwicklungsverläufe von 943 Kindern aus den Sportarten Fußball, Tennis, Tischtennis, Skilangslauf, Langstreckenlauf und Straßenradsport ausgewertet. In komplexeren Sportarten (Fußball, Tennis, Tischtennis) sagte motorische Vielseitigkeit einen früheren Trainingseinstieg voraus, der wiederung mit einem höheren späteren Leistungsniveau im Erwachsenenalter verbunden war. Sportartensammeln zeigte keinen Effekt auf das spätere Leistungsniveau. In den Ausdauersportarten (Skilangslauf, Langstreckenlauf, Straßenradsport) hingegen war ausschließlich das Ausmaß des Sportartensammelns mit dem späteren Leistungsniveau assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit sportartspezifischer und differenzierter Ansätze in der Talentförderung.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Frühzeitige Talententwicklung jenseits von Leistungsdruck: das Konzept des Dresdner Sportclubs 1898 e. V.</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097397</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097397</guid>
      <author>Heinz, C.</author>
      <author>Hofmann, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportklub</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Heinz, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hofmann, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bewegungsarmut ist ein zentrales Problem unserer heutigen Gesellschaft. Die zunehmende Digitalisierung trägt dazu bei, dass Kinder im Grundschulalter immer weniger körperlich aktiv sind. Geht es nach den Empfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO), erreichen nur 25 Prozent der männlichen und 15 Prozent der weiblichen Kinder und Jugendlichen in Deutschland die empfohlenen Mindestvorgaben an täglicher Bewegung. Zum Glück entscheiden sich immer mehr Eltern, ihre Kinder in Sportvereinen und Sportgruppen anzumelden - das zeigt sich am deutlichen Mitgliederzuwaachs. Vereine können dem gesellschaftlichen Problem des Bewegungsmangels entgegenwirken und gleichzeitig die hohe Nachfrage nach Sportangeboten intelligent nutzen. Ein Beispiel aus Dresden zeigt, wie das funktionieren kann.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Effizienz von Talentfördersystemen im Handball: Der Deutsche Handballbund im internationalen Vergleich</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097398</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097398</guid>
      <author>Rühl, O.</author>
      <author>Schorer, J.</author>
      <author>Beppler, J.</author>
      <author>Luig, P.</author>
      <author>Sandner H.</author>
      <author>Jentsch, H.</author>
      <author>Büsch, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Deutschland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>international</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rühl, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schorer, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Beppler, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Luig, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sandner H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jentsch, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Büsch, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Frühe internationale Erfolge gelten im Handball als Schlüssel für spätere Spitzenleistungen. Eine retrospektive Analyse von Olympia-Teilnehmern 2024 zeigt, inwieweit diese Annahme zutrifft - und wie effizient nationale Talentfördersysteme im europäischen Vergleich arbeiten.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rituale und Routinen im Sport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097400</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097400</guid>
      <author>Janev, B.</author>
      <author>Backhausen, H.</author>
      <author>Ziemainz, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Selbsttätigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Selbstwirksamkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Selbstbewusstsein</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Janev, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Backhausen, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ziemainz, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Rituale und Routinen im Sport, wie Pre-Performance Routines (PPR) oder Pre-Game Rituals (PGR), werden von vielen Athleten angewandt, um die Leistungsfähigkeit (LF) in Wettkampf- und Spielsituationen und die Selbstwirksamkeit (SWK) positiv zu beeinflussen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zu Ritualen und Routinen im Sport (RURIS) zusammen und beantwortet die Frage, inwieweit diese den Sport positiv beeinflussen können.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>KI im (Beach-)Volleyball: Aktuelle Möglichkeiten und zukünftige Perspektiven</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097401</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097401</guid>
      <author>Tobias, F.</author>
      <author>Vater, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beachvolleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsplanung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tobias, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vater, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) - kaum ein Begriff hat in den vergangenen Jahren eine vergleichbare Dynamik entfaltet und sich in so kurzer Zeit von einem Technologie-Buzzword zu einem zentralen Bestandteil des (leistungssportlichen) Alltags entwickelt. Während die öffentliche Wahrnehmung die KI primär als Large Language Models (LLMs) wie ChatGPT oder Gemini verknüpft, existieren in der Sportwissenschaft inzwischen konkrete, hochrelevante Anwendungsfelder. Diese eröffnen Trainern sowie Spielanalysten die Möglichkeit, ihre Arbeit nicht nur effizienter, sondern auch inhaltlich präziser und datenbasierter zu gestalten. Darüber hinaus entstehen neue Optionen für die individualisierte Kommunikation und Interaktion mit Athleten. Im Folgenden werden ausgewählte aktuelle und potenzielle zukünftige Einsatzgebiete von KI-Anwendungen im Volleyball und Beach-Volleyball systematisch dargestellt und aus trainings- und sportwissenschaftlicher Perspektive kritisch eingeordnet.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Intelligentes Trainingsbudget und Kapazitätsdenken</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097402</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097402</guid>
      <author>Leo, P.</author>
      <author>Herzog, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsplanung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>external load</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Durability</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Leo, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Herzog, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Kaum eine Sportart verfügt über eine derart präzise und feldtaugliche Messung der externen Belastung wie der Radsport. Die kontinutierliche Erfassung der mechanischen Leistung hat nicht nur das Training und die Wettkampfanalyse revolutioniert, sondern auch neue Denkmodelle wie Power Profile, Durability oder Energie-Budgeting hervorgebracht. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, warum diese Konzepte eine hohe ökologische Validität besitzen und wie sich zentrale Prinzipien der mechanischen Arbeitsanalyse auf andere Sportarten übertragen lassen, um Wettkämpfe gezielter zu analysieren und Athleten systematisch vorzubereiten.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Entwicklungsverläufe von Weltklasseleistungen: Aktuelle Erkenntnisse aus der Forschung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097403</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097403</guid>
      <author>Sandig, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sandig, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In der Rubrik "Sportwissen kompakt" werden ausgewählte sportwissenschaftliche Studien kompakt zusammengefasst und in ihren zentralen Aussagen eingeordnet. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt eine aktuelle Übersichtsarbeit von Güllich, Barth, Hambrick und Macnamara (2025) vor, die auf umfangreichen internationalen Datensätzen basiert und neue Erkenntnisse zu Entwicklungsverläufen, Trainingsmustern und der Entstehung von Weltklasseleistungen im Sport liefert.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tempoprofile und Leistung bei 800-Meter-Wettkämpfen im Zeitalter neuer Technologien: Der Einfluss der Wavelight-Technologie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097346</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097346</guid>
      <author>González-Mohíno, F.</author>
      <author>Rodríguez-Barbero, S.</author>
      <author>Gómez, M.</author>
      <author>Salinero, J. S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mittelstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Pacing</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>González-Mohíno, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rodríguez-Barbero, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gómez, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Salinero, J. S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Wavelight technology (WT) has recently been introduced in international track meetings as a pacing aid designed to enhance consistency and performance. This study aimed to analyze the influence of WT on mean race speed and pacing profiles in 800 m Diamond League (DL) races and to compare its effects between men and women.

Methods: Official results from 800 m DL races held between 2018 and 2025 (excluding 2020) were examined. A total of 689 performances (364 men, 325 women) were included, of which 403 used WT. Split times, each 200 mm, were extracted and expressed relative to mean race speed (%RS). WT implementation was confirmed through official race broadcasts.

Results: Mean race speed differed significantly across years in both sexes (p < 0.001), with faster performances in 2024-2025 for men and in 2025 for women. In years where WT and non-WT races coexisted, WT was associated with higher mean speed in both men (7.60 ± 0.11 vs. 7.54 ± 0.14 m·s-1; p = 0.007; small d = 0.47) and women (6.71 ± 0.09 vs. 6.67 ± 0.08 m·s-1; p = 0.023; small d = 0.40). Regarding the pacing profiles, WT increased %RS in the first split (106.0 ± 1.7 vs. 104.9 ± 2.8; p = 0.014) and decreased it in the last split (96.5 ± 2.5 vs. 98.4 ± 4.4; p = 0.006) in men, whereas women showed no differences between conditions.

Conclusions: WT was associated with faster mean race speeds in DL 800 m races and with more homogeneous pacing in men. However, WT modified pacing strategy only in men—inducing a faster start and slower finish—while women maintained similar pacing profiles regardless of WT use. WT thus enhances absolute performance but does not influence effort distribution equally across sexes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unterschiede zwischen Ruderern der Altersklassen U18 und U20 bei kardiopulmonalen Belastungstests auf dem Ruderergometer</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097347</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097347</guid>
      <author>Ivišic, A. K.</author>
      <author>Spasic, M.</author>
      <author>Pavlinovic, V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ivišic, A. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Spasic, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pavlinovic, V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to examine physiological differences of aerobic capacities between U 18 a nd U 20 rowers.

Methods: The sample of participants included 9 junior level rowers (mean age was 17.88 ± 2.85 years, body mass 86.18 ± 7.83 kg, body height 185.14 ± 6.93 cm, and body fat percentage 12.69 ± 1.92). Participants performed a test on a rowing ergometer, until volitional exhaustion to measure VO2max with substrates utilization being measured continuously. Also, anthropometric characteristics were analysed. The sample of variables included body mass, body height, O2 Volume, Ventilation, Tidal Volume, maximal oxygen consumption, Oxygen pulse, and Power output (PO).

Results and discussion: Results showed that U 18 rowers have a significantly higher VO2max (54.29 ± 4.23) than U 20 individuals (46.89 ± 2.90). This finding can be explained through several factors, including possible individual differences in biological maturation, cumulative fatigue and influence of motivation during testing.

Conclusion: These results emphasize the aerobic performance development in young rowers and highlights the need for adequate training programme considering age related differences.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Rolle des Schlafs für die körperliche und kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit von Ultra-Ausdauersportlern: Eine systematische Übersicht</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097348</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097348</guid>
      <author>Guilherme, L. Q.</author>
      <author>Rodrigues, B. O.</author>
      <author>de Oliveira Barbosa Rosa, C.</author>
      <author>Leite, L. B.</author>
      <author>Scheer, V.</author>
      <author>Forte, P.</author>
      <author>Hermsdorff, H. H. M.</author>
      <author>Kravchychyn, A. C. P.</author>
      <author>de Sá Souza, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Guilherme, L. Q.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rodrigues, B. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>de Oliveira Barbosa Rosa, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leite, L. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Scheer, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Forte, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hermsdorff, H. H. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kravchychyn, A. C. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>de Sá Souza, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background/Objectives: Sleep is an important factor for recovery and performance in endurance sports, yet its role in ultra-endurance events remains unclear due to extreme physical and cognitive demands and disrupted sleep patterns. This systematic review aimed to analyze the role of sleep in physical and cognitive performance in ultra-endurance athletes.

Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted in May 2025 across PubMed/Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently screened, selected, extracted, and assessed data quality using the JBI tools (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251042220).

Results: Of 424 articles, 16 met inclusion criteria, totaling data from 1389 athletes. Regarding physical performance, better outcomes were associated with no or less sleep during competition (TST), extended sleep the night before, and increased time in light sleep. In contrast, longer wake time, lower sleep quality, greater sleepiness during competition, and higher sleep efficiency were linked to poorer performance. Cognitive performance was positively associated with pre-race sleep quality and mid-race naps. Conversely, greater accumulated sleep before testing was linked to worse cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions: Sleep, particularly total sleep time (TST), plays an important role in ultra-endurance performance, although this relationship may be non-linear and influenced by race context and individual strategies. Pre-race and intra-race sleep strategies such as napping and extended sleep may benefit performance. Further rigorous and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify sleep`s impact on performance and recovery in ultra-endurance contexts.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von Beobachtungslernen und zielorientierter Selbstregulierung auf das Selbstvertrauen chinesischer Eisschnellläufer</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097349</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097349</guid>
      <author>Fang, L.</author>
      <author>Lee, D.</author>
      <author>Kwon, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eisschnelllauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>China</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Selbstwirksamkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Selbstregulierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kwon, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined the effects of observational learning and goal-focused self-regulation on sport confidence among Chinese speed skating athletes. An online survey was conducted with 236 speed skaters registered with the Chinese Skating Association participating in the study. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to examine the normality of the data, and correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships among the variables. Furthermore, the mediating effect was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) with MLR estimator using R Studio, and further verified through bootstrapping procedures. The results indicated that observational learning had a significant indirect effect on sport confidence through goal-focused self-regulation. Moreover, the direct effect of observational learning on sport confidence remained significant even after controlling for goal-focused self-regulation, suggesting a partial mediation effect. These findings underscore the importance of observational learning in speed skating and suggest that both observational learning and goal-focused self-regulation are important factors in enhancing athletes` sport confidence.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine bayesianische Betrachtung geografischer Einflüsse auf die Entscheidungsfindung von Trainern bei der Talentsuche und -auswahl</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097350</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097350</guid>
      <author>Johnston, K.</author>
      <author>Wang, Y.</author>
      <author>Trace, J.</author>
      <author>Baker, J.</author>
      <author>Richard, V.</author>
      <author>Roberts, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eignung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>geografische Bedingung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entscheidungsverhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Statistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>bayesische Theorie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Johnston, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Trace, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Richard, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Roberts, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Decision-making science examines not only what choices people make but how and why they make them. This study investigated whether systematic geographical differences exist in athlete selection within a development program. With 4805 athletes from a state-wide talent search program across 16 sports (19 disciplines) in Australia, selection patterns were analyzed between `Regional` and `Metropolitan` (South East Queensland) athletes. Athletes completed anthropometric, physical, and physiological assessments. A Bayesian hierarchical model revealed Regional athletes face systematically stricter selection thresholds, requiring  1.009 standard deviations higher than Metropolitan athletes to be selected (95% CI [0.656, 1.355], P = 100%). This effect size indicates that Regional athletes must perform at approximately the 84th percentile to achieve the same offering probability as an Metropolitan athlete performing at the 50th percentile. This varied substantially by sport, from 0.899 SD (Archery) to - 0.386 SD (Athletics 400 m). Notably, 16 disciplines showed no clear disparities for Regional athletes (effects ranging from - 0.216 to 0.211 SD). These findings suggest geographical location creates systematic disadvantages in talent selection, likely driven by economic realities, as supporting Regional athletes costs several times more through travel, accommodation, and facilities. Consequently, Regional athletes may require superior performance across selection criteria to justify these additional costs.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Landestabilität beim einbeinigen Drop-Jump bei Fußballspielern mit Hüft- und/oder Leistenschmerzen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097351</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097351</guid>
      <author>Sritharan, P.</author>
      <author>Schache, A. G.</author>
      <author>Crossley, K. M.</author>
      <author>Scholes, M. J.</author>
      <author>Heerey, J. J.</author>
      <author>Mentiplay, B. F.</author>
      <author>De Oliveira Silva, D.</author>
      <author>King, M. G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Landung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stabilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hüfte</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schmerz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rehabilitation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Drop jump</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Leiste</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sritharan, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schache, A. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Crossley, K. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Scholes, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Heerey, J. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mentiplay, B. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>De Oliveira Silva, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>King, M. G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Early identification of altered movement patterns can guide interventions for young adults with hip and/or groin pain. Characterising dynamic stability during movement tasks is a unique approach to understanding these altered biomechanics associated with hip and/or groin pain. We quantified two measures of stability: Margin of Stability (MoS); and Whole-Body Angular Momentum (WBAM), during the landing period of the single-leg drop jump for 117 young adult football players with hip/groin pain (27 ± 4 years) and 24 asymptomatic controls (27 ± 6 years). Experimental motion data, ground forces and associated centres-of-pressure were input into biomechanical models to calculate segmental and centre-of-mass kinematics, and subsequently, to calculate MoS and WBAM. Symptomatic individuals demonstrated significantly more positive mediolateral MoS during the early braking phase (0-31% of landing). The sagittal-plane WBAM differed significantly between groups near the transition from braking to propulsion (35-51% of landing) and at take-off (98-100% of landing) due to a lag in torso angular momentum. Whilst differences were small, our findings suggest that symptomatic individuals adopted a conservative landing strategy in which regulating mediolateral MoS appeared to be prioritised over sagittal-plane WBAM. Overall, the analysis of dynamic stability provided new insights into altered biomechanics in the presence of joint pain/pathology.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reliabilität radarbasierter Messgrößen der Sprintleistung bei Feldsportathletinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097352</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097352</guid>
      <author>Martin, A.</author>
      <author>Bourne, M.</author>
      <author>Minahan, C.</author>
      <author>Duhig, S.</author>
      <author>Bellinger, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Radar</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Profil</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bourne, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Minahan, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duhig, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bellinger, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Radar is commonly used to assess overground sprinting performance and estimate the force-velocity-power (FvP) mechanical variables; however, limited work has examined the reliability of these measures in female field sport athletes. This study aimed to assess the reliability of radar-derived measures, and to examine the associations between sprinting split times and the FvP. Twenty-three female rugby league and field hockey athletes (15-35 yrs, 70.2 ± 12.2 kg, 169 ± 6 cm) completed two 40 m sprints on two separate days. Split times displayed acceptable inter-day absolute reliability (CV = 0.91-2.17%) as did the FvP (CV range = 1.37-6.28%), however, relative reliability ranged from moderate to excellent (ICC3,1 = 0.60-0.98) or poor to excellent (ICC3,1 = 0.15-0.96), respectively. Maximal power output (PMAX W/kg) was most associated to 0-30 m (r = -0.95). However, for completion time of the maximal velocity phase (CTMVP) (20-40 m), PMAX (W/kg) displayed a moderate association (r = -0.69), in comparison, power output at maximal velocity (PVMAX W/kg) displayed a stronger association (r = -0.83). Utilising the fastest trial on a given day is suitable for monitoring sprinting performance, whilst correlations between split-times and the FvP in the current study provide important insights into the sprinting mechanics of female field sport athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Über Selbstberichte nach einer Verletzung des vorderen Kreuzbandes hinaus - Methoden des maschinellen Lernens zur Klassifikation und Identifikation von Bewegungsmustern im Zusammenhang mit der Angst vor einer erneuten Verletzung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097353</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097353</guid>
      <author>Karbalaie, A.</author>
      <author>Strong, A.</author>
      <author>Nordström, T.</author>
      <author>Schelin, L.</author>
      <author>Selling, J.</author>
      <author>Grip, H.</author>
      <author>Prorok, K.</author>
      <author>Häger, C. K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Klassifizierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angst</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rehabilitation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Return to Sport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Karbalaie, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Strong, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nordström, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schelin, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Selling, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Grip, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Prorok, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Häger, C. K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are prevalent career-ending sports injuries. A barrier to successful return to activity is fear of re-injury. Evaluating psychological readiness is however limited to insufficient self-reported assessments. We developed machine learning models using biomechanical data from standardized rebound side hops (SRSH) to objectively classify fear levels post-ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and identify key biomechanical variables. Sixty individuals with ACLR and 47 controls performed up to 10 side hops per leg. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using motion capture and force platforms. ACLR participants were classified (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-17) as HIGH-FEAR (n = 32) or LOW-FEAR (n = 28). Analyses involved 1D convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) and logistic regression. Integrated gradients identified influential movement variables. The 1-D CNN distinguished HIGH-FEAR versus LOW-FEAR ACLR individuals in agreement with Tampa Scale scores, achieving a mean accuracy of 75.6% (F1 Score = 0.76, Matthews Correlation Coefficient = 0.52), which was 8.6% better than logistic regression. Influential variables included trunk tilt, hip flexion/extension, and ankle supination/pronation. Machine learning from biomechanics can identify movement linked to fear of re-injury post-ACLR, potentially informing personalised rehabilitation to mitigate fear and enhance recovery.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jenseits der Statistik: Clusterbildung offensiver Spieltypen zur Analyse von Spielstilen im professionellen Basketball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097354</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097354</guid>
      <author>Dong, R.</author>
      <author>Chen, R.</author>
      <author>Zhang, S.</author>
      <author>Sansone, P.</author>
      <author>Mateus, N.</author>
      <author>Liu, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>China</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Clusteranalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Spielstil</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sansone, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mateus, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined offensive tactical patterns in professional basketball and their relationships with scoring performance under varying contextual factors. Data from 982 games in the 2023-2024 Chinese Basketball Association regular season were analyzed. A k-means clustering procedure identified three offensive archetypes: Individual Creation Style (ICS), Pick-and-Roll Variation Style (PNRS), and Screen-Post Synergy Style (SPSS); random forest classifiers with Shapley Additive exPlanations confirmed cluster separations. Correlation analyses showed that isolations and pick-and-roll (PnR) handler plays in ICS were moderately associated with two-point shots made (r = 0.31) and accuracy (r = 0.30); hand-off actions in PNRS weakly correlated with two-point shot accuracy (r = 0.12); and off-ball screens in SPSS were moderately related to three-point shots made (r = 0.31). Poisson regression models revealed contextual effects. Specifically, PnR handler plays increased against stronger opponents (p < 0.001), isolations occurred more frequently in faster-paced games (p = 0.002); hand-off completions were greater in wins (p = 0.034) and against stronger than weaker opponents (p = 0.034); and off-ball screens increased against medium-level opponents (p = 0.011) and after longer travel distances (p = 0.033). These findings provide a scalable analytical framework connecting tactical structures, scoring outcomes, and situational constraints in professional basketball.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jenseits des Podiums: Ein Delphi-Ansatz zur Befähigung von Trainern mit praxisnahen Strategien zur Identifikation und Unterstützung der psychischen Gesundheit von Athleten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097355</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097355</guid>
      <author>Sankey, C.</author>
      <author>Brockett, C.</author>
      <author>Slattery, K.</author>
      <author>Lederman, O.</author>
      <author>Warmenhoven, J.</author>
      <author>Menzies-Stegbaur, T.</author>
      <author>Langane, E.</author>
      <author>Caperchione, C. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Betreuung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Strategie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Trainer-Sportler-Beziehung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sankey, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brockett, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Slattery, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lederman, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Warmenhoven, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Menzies-Stegbaur, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Langane, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Caperchione, C. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to establish expert consensus on approaches to assist coaches in both identifying mental health symptoms and facilitating appropriate referral of athletes to mental health professionals. A modified Delphi approach was adopted using three rounds of expert consultation through individual and anonymous survey responses, thereby reducing potential influences or biases from group opinions. An interdisciplinary expert panel of coaches (n = 15), athletes (n = 9), psychologists (n = 16), and performance support staff (n = 26) was recruited through Australian sports networks, inclusive of sport science, medicine, and coaching to participate. Iterative surveys involved open-ended and multiple-choice questions (Survey 1), as well as statement agreement ratings (Surveys 2 and 3). The threshold for agreement was set at 80%. Fifty-three items achieved consensus across four main domains, including the coach role and responsibilities, the referral process, athlete mental health plans, and mental health training and upskilling. Consensus outcomes highlighted the nuanced and dynamic approach required to effectively support athlete mental health. The strategies and guiding principles outlined can be used to inform the development of resources that can build the confidence, skills, and knowledge of coaches in identifying, supporting, and referring athletes who require mental health assistance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine Überprüfung und Qualitätsbewertung der Methoden zur Bestimmung der Menstruationszyklusphasen in Studien zur Leistungsbewertung bei Elite-Athletinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097356</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097356</guid>
      <author>Sherwin, G.</author>
      <author>Flood, T. R.</author>
      <author>Burden, R. J.</author>
      <author>Burke, L. M.</author>
      <author>Field, A.</author>
      <author>Kuikman, M. A.</author>
      <author>McKay, A. K. A.</author>
      <author>Smith, E. S.</author>
      <author>Elliott-Sale, K. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Menstruationsphase</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sherwin, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Flood, T. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Burden, R. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Burke, L. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Field, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kuikman, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McKay, A. K. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Smith, E. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Elliott-Sale, K. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Menstrual cycle (MC) phases may impact athletic performance due to the non-reproductive actions of 17-ß-oestradiol and progesterone, which fluctuate across the MC. Research often includes recreational athletes, with findings generalised to elite athletes. To inform evidence-based practice and future research, the scope and quality of studies examining the relationship between athletic performance and MC phases in elite female athletes must be evaluated. This study audited these studies. Eleven studies, involving 218 athletes, were included. Of these studies, 91% (n = 198) of athletes were categorised as tier 4 (elite/international level) and 9% (n = 20) as tier 5 (world-class). The majority of studies (55%, n = 6) relied solely on calendar-based counting to delineate MC phases, while 45% (n = 5) incorporated calendar-based counting and biochemical methods. A methodological quality ranking system for MC phase determination revealed that one study achieved gold-tier status (9%); 18% achieved silver, 55% bronze, and 18% were ungraded. Research on the effects of MC phases on athletic performance in elite female athletes is of low methodological quality due to an overreliance on calendar-based counting without biochemical verification. Future research should verify MC phases to improve the research impact for elite female athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss der Intensität von Aufwärmprotokollen im Handcycling auf die Arbeitsleistung während Sprinttests bei Athleten mit Rückenmarksverletzungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097331</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097331</guid>
      <author>Halloran, K. M.</author>
      <author>Peters, J.</author>
      <author>Focht, M. D. K.</author>
      <author>Rice, I.</author>
      <author>Kersh, M. E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rollstuhlsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirbelsäule</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aufwärmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Pararadsport</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Handcycling</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Handbike</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Postaktive Potenzierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Halloran, K. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peters, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Focht, M. D. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rice, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kersh, M. E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
Post activation potentiation (PAP) is the phenomenon where muscle force-generating capacity during explosive activities increases after sustained activation. Alternatively, fatigue refers to the decrease in muscle force-generating capacity following sustained activation. The level to which muscles are fatigued or potentiated may influence whether performance is enhanced or decreased. While PAP has been well-documented in able-bodied athletes, few studies have examined PAP in athletes with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Therefore the objective of this study was to examine the influence of warmup protocol intensity on workload production during a 15-second handcycling sprinting task in athletes with SCI.
Design
Within-subject design with repeated measures, n=19 wheelchair users.
Methods
We examined the power output, work, and kinetics during a maximal effort task (handcycling sprinting) before and after high and moderate intensity exercise to determine the acute effects of different warmup intensities on work production during sprinting.
Results
Potentiation (defined as a >7.5% increase in total work completed during sprinting compared to baseline) was observed after both moderate (p=0.0001) and high intensity exercises (p=0.001), with more participants potentiated following moderate (n=11) compared to high intensity (n=10). Increases in work completed during the sprints can be traced back to increases in tangential force applied at the handle at the beginning of the sprint test.
Conclusions
Most participants were not fatigued following either exercise protocol, which is encouraging for recommending both protocols for people with SCI. Additionally, warmups for handcycling, especially handcycling sprinting, should be moderate intensity to potentiate the muscles rather than interval cycling or "ramp-up" activities.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Über den Tellerrand hinausdenken: Vergleich des Alters bei Leistungsmeilensteinen von Schwimmern mit Skilangläufern und Biathleten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097332</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097332</guid>
      <author>Kårström, M. J.</author>
      <author>Ruiz-Navarro, J. J.</author>
      <author>Romann, M.</author>
      <author>Born, D.-P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Skilanglauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Alter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kårström, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ruiz-Navarro, J. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Romann, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Born, D.-P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
To compare age at key performance milestones between technical whole-body endurance sports and performance levels.
Design
Longitudinal big data analysis.
Methods
All top 30 swimmers, cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes, who competed at the latest World championships (WC) were included and their ages at specific performance milestones (debut, first 17-30 rank, 9-16 rank, top 8) at junior (JWC) and adult WC were extracted from databases (719 women and 850 men). Athletes were divided into various performance levels based on their best individual ranking from adult competitions and compared using linear mixed model analysis.
Results
Only ~40% of the WC swimmers had competed in the JWC compared to ~90% of XC skiers and biathletes. Swimmers were, on average, 2 and 4 years younger at JWC and WC, respectively, than XC skiers and biathletes. In all three sports, there was an age gap (p<0.05) between the highest junior performance milestone and adult WC debut (3-4 years) but no age difference (p>0.05) between the performance milestones or performance levels at JWC. On average, female swimmers reached performance milestones one year earlier than their male counterparts, while there was no sex difference in XC skiing and biathlon.
Conclusions
The present findings encourage reassessment of sport-specific stereotypes regarding long-term athlete development. Although overall development patterns are similar between men and women, sex-specific training and competition planning is necessary at key junior career stages. Analyzing key structural elements of development systems across three technical whole-body endurance sports provides insights to develop future strategies for long-term athlete development.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Rolle der Kinematik der unteren Körperhälfte bei der Optimierung der Rumpfdynamik und der Ballgeschwindigkeit beim Drag-Flick im Feldhockey</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097333</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097333</guid>
      <author>Ladru, B. J.</author>
      <author>Tak, I.</author>
      <author>Kortekaas, B.</author>
      <author>Gijssel, M.</author>
      <author>Kerkhoffs, G.</author>
      <author>Langhout, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rumpf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>dynamisch</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>technische Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>koordinative Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Ballgeschwindigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Koordination</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ladru, B. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tak, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kortekaas, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gijssel, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kerkhoffs, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Langhout, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Timing and coordination of body kinematics are crucial for drag-flick performance in field hockey. This study aimed to clarify how coordination between the lower limbs and trunk contributes to effective energy transfer by (1) comparing lower body and trunk kinematic patterns between senior and junior national-level players, (2) examining whether peak kinematic values and keypoints occur in temporal synchrony, and (3) determining whether lower body peak kinematics predict trunk deceleration and ball speed. Kinematic data and ball speed were collected from 57 players (9 senior, 48 junior) from the Royal Dutch Hockey Federation using a 3D motion capture suit (240 Hz) and radar gun. Senior players achieved significantly higher ball speeds and shorter flick phases, associated with more synchronised timing of peak movements and keypoints. Specifically, left foot touchdown (LFT) aligned with trunk acceleration onset, while onset of right wrist flexion (ORWF) corresponded with trunk deceleration onset. The lead leg acted as a braking mechanism converting linear to angular momentum of the trunk, while the trail leg contributed to propulsion and trunk deceleration. Junior players showed delayed peak kinematics and reduced synchronisation. These findings highlight the role of lower limb and trunk mechanics in optimising drag-flick performance through targeted training.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kinetik der unteren Extremität während der Rotationsbewegung des Körpers im Osoto-Gari: ein Vergleich zwischen Judokas mit schwarzem und weißem Gürtel</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097334</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097334</guid>
      <author>Liu, L.</author>
      <author>Deguchi, T.</author>
      <author>Shiokawa, M.</author>
      <author>Hamaguchi, K.</author>
      <author>Shinya, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bein</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bodenreaktionskraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinetik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Rotation</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Deguchi, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shiokawa, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hamaguchi, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shinya, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to clarify how pivot leg kinetics influence body rotation during the osoto-gari throw by comparing black- and white-belt judokas. Twenty male judokas (10 black and 10 white belts) performed osoto-gari. Three-dimensional coordinate data were acquired using a Mac3D motion analysis system (250 Hz), and the ground reaction force (GRF) of the pivot leg was measured using a force plate (1,000 Hz). During the throwing phase, the angular impulse of the tori was greater in black belts than in white belts (p = 0.043). Black belts exhibited a significantly higher external moment generated from the pivot leg`s GRF between 50% and 65% of the throwing motion (p < 0.001). Additionally, the upward GRF, ankle plantar flexion moment, and ankle positive power of the pivot leg were significantly greater in the black belts during 60-84%, 56-88%, and 59-64% of the throwing motion. These findings highlight the critical role of the ankle plantar flexor force in modulating external moment and enhancing whole-body rotation, which is essential for the effective execution of the osoto-gari throw.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Direkter Armwinkel versus freigabebasierte Stellvertretergrößen bei Pitchern der Major League Baseball: eine großangelegte Validierungsstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097335</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097335</guid>
      <author>Dillon, M.</author>
      <author>Frappa, N.</author>
      <author>Mastroianni, M. A.</author>
      <author>Ablove, R. A.</author>
      <author>Nicholson, K. F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Baseball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Arm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Winkel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>MLB</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Pitcher</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dillon, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Frappa, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mastroianni, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ablove, R. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nicholson, K. F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Arm slot has been implicated in pitching biomechanics and injury risk, yet large-scale studies relied on indirect release-based proxies, yielding contradictory findings. With Statcast`s Hawk-Eye system providing an anatomically defined measure of arm angle, this study evaluated how well surrogate metrics track fluctuations in true arm orientation. We analysed Major League Baseball pitchers using two approaches: (1) a year-over-year comparison of 336 pitchers who threw >= 100 four-seam fastballs in both 2023 and 2024, and (2) a pitch-level analysis of 63,824 four-seam fastballs from the 10 highest-volume pitchers between 2020 and 2025. In the season-over-season analysis, vertical release position changes correlated most strongly with arm angle changes (r = 0.74, rho = 0.68; p < 0.001), whereas a geometric proxy showed moderate correlation (r = 0.47, rho = 0.51; p < 0.001), and horizontal release was inversely correlated (r = -0.38, rho = -0.41; p < 0.001). Pitch-level analyses revealed similar patterns, with vertical release consistently tracking short-term arm angle drift (r = 0.35-0.71). These findings show release-based proxies only partially track true arm angle. While vertical release is the strongest proxy, fidelity varies across pitchers and timeframes. This variability complicates the interpretation of prior injury-risk literature, highlighting the importance of incorporating direct arm angle into future biomechanical research to better investigate pitching mechanics and injury mechanisms.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sportspezifische Sprint-Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Leistungsprofile bei jungen Athleten: Das Reifestadium ist entscheidend</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097336</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097336</guid>
      <author>Galantine, P.</author>
      <author>Sudlow, A.</author>
      <author>Del Sordo, G.</author>
      <author>Hays, A.</author>
      <author>Bertin, D.</author>
      <author>Maso, F.</author>
      <author>Samozino, P.</author>
      <author>Peyrot, N.</author>
      <author>Duché, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Reife</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Profil</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Einflussfaktor</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Galantine, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sudlow, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Del Sordo, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hays, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bertin, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maso, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Samozino, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peyrot, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duché, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined whether different sports (athletics, football, rugby, handball) influence sprint performance and force-velocity-power (F-v-P) profiles according to maturity status. 120 male youth (30 per sport; aged 12.0-16.9 years), matched for chronological age and maturity offset (MO), performed two maximal 30-metre sprints. Sprint performance and F-v-P variables (F0, v0, Pmax, SFV) were calculated using Samozino`s method from radar-derived velocity-time data and photocell splits. ANCOVA and regression analyses assessed the effects of sport, maturity, and their interaction. Significant main effects were observed for Sport and MO on all sprint performance variables (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Football and rugby players were faster than handball players and track sprinters over 10 metres, with football players fastest at 30 metres. MO × Sport interactions showed that football players had smaller sprint gains with maturation. A significant main effect of Sport was revealed for all F-v-P variables except for absolute Pmax (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). Handball players showed the most force-oriented profile, differing from football and rugby players. Maturation-related improvements in F-v-P variables were similar across sports. These results suggest that while F-v-P development is mainly driven by maturation, sprint performance is more influenced by sport-specific demands.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effizienz verschiedener Ruderblatttypen beim Rudern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097337</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097337</guid>
      <author>Kleshnev, V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hilfsgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Effektivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Ruderblatt</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kleshnev, V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The purposes of the study were: a) to develop a novel method to determine the centre of pressure acting on the blade by combining measurements from multiple shaft-mounted strain-gauge sensors, b) to experimentally evaluate the factors affecting blade efficiency and overall effectiveness in rowing using three different blade designs. One international-level male rower performed step-rate trials using each blade type, while biomechanical data were collected with the BioRow system. Results showed that although biomechanical characteristics such as stroke length, force profiles, and power output were generally similar across blades, hydrodynamic performance differed. Fat2 blades, due to their larger surface area, demonstrated the lowest blade slippage and highest propulsive efficiency. However, Comp blades - despite having the smallest area - provided the most effective performance, defined as the highest boat speed per unit of rower power, as reflected by the lowest Gross Drag Factor. Analysis of forces revealed that the actual centre of pressure was located more inboard than previously assumed, resulting in 7-8% heavier true gearing ratios. These findings suggest that blade effectiveness cannot be predicted solely from its slippage through the water and that smaller Comp blades may reduce rotational and axial losses, contributing to improved rowing performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stabilität physiologischer und biomechanischer Variablen während eines Marathons</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097338</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097338</guid>
      <author>Hunter, B.</author>
      <author>Lena, A.</author>
      <author>Muniz-Pumares, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Marathonlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herzfrequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hunter, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lena, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Muniz-Pumares, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Durability is the ability to withstand the deterioration of physiological parameters and is associated with marathon performance. The aim of this study was to examine whether changes to biomechanical parameters are dependent on durability. Sixty-nine runners submitted data collected using a footworn accelerometer and heart rate (HR) recording device during a marathon (median finish time (IQR): 224.0 (60.4) mins). Biomechanical parameters (both speed-adjusted and absolute) including stiffness, duty factor, step frequency, step length, running speed, and HR were separated into eight 5 km segments. Decoupling was used to quantify durability, defined as the ratio between HR and running speed. The magnitude of the decoupling was determined from the last full 5 km segment of the race (35-40 km) and expressed relative to the 5-10 km segment, and used to group the participants into high, moderate and low decoupling groups. Greater biomechanical deterioration was observed in the high decoupling group, but this disappeared after adjusting for speed. More durable runners (i.e., low decoupling) exhibited distinct changes in speed-adjusted step frequency and step length across the marathon. These patterns may relate to fatigue resistance, though it remains unclear whether they reflect durability-enhancing adaptations or are traits of inherently resilient runners.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Paradoxe Führung, Wohlbefinden von Athleten und Leistungszufriedenheit: Die vermittelnde Rolle der Trainer-Athlet-Beziehung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097339</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097339</guid>
      <author>Hu, B.</author>
      <author>Fletcher, D.</author>
      <author>Jowett, S.</author>
      <author>Arnold, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Betreuung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zusammenarbeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Führungsverhalten</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Trainer-Sportler-Beziehung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fletcher, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jowett, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arnold, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Few studies have regarded coaches` behaviour as two ends of a continuum in investigating their leadership. This study employed a continuum perspective, investigating the links between coaches` paradoxical leadership, athlete well-being, performance satisfaction, and the coach-athlete relationship. A total of 279 athletes (male = 150, female = 129; Mage = 20.76, SD = 1.96) who engaged in various sports participated in this study, which required participants to complete an online, multi-section questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed for data analysis. The analysis indicated positive and significant paths (ß ranging from .40 to .79) between paradoxical leadership and athlete well-being, performance satisfaction, as well as the coach-athlete relationship. The bootstrap approach suggested that the coach-athlete relationship explained the relationship between paradoxical leadership and athlete well-being as well as performance satisfaction (ß ranging from .34 to .75; 95% CIs excluded the number zero). The results suggested that paradoxical behaviours have a significant role in supporting athletes, through which the coach could create a quality microenvironment with the athlete, contributing to both well-being and performance satisfaction. This study directly examined paradoxical leadership and its relationship with athletes` outcomes, which has significant implications for the knowledge of fluctuations in leadership.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soziale Ziele junger Athleten während des Übergangs vom Kinder- zum Jugendsport: Eine Latent-Profil- und Latent-Transitions-Analyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097345</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097345</guid>
      <author>Jørgensen, T. M.</author>
      <author>Abrahamsen, F. E.</author>
      <author>Gjesdal, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kinder- und Jugendsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Übergangsperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Norwegen</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Transition</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jørgensen, T. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abrahamsen, F. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gjesdal, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[While the social aspect of sports is considered crucial for participation, the influence of social goals in motivating young athletes remains relatively unexplored. This study examined social goal profiles and their stability during Norway`s children-to-youth sport transition (CYT). This transition represents a shift towards a more performance-driven environment, which may cause changes in athletes` motivation. We explored associations between social goal profiles and gender, expectations of success, and intention to continue. 329 athletes, aged 11-13, completed questionnaires before and after the transition. Using latent profile analysis, we identified three distinct social goal profiles: low, moderate, and high motivation through social goals. Latent transition analysis revealed substantial instability in profile membership across CYT. However, athletes in the high social goals profile demonstrated the greatest stability (39%), membership turnout (T1 = 68.8%, T2 = 44%), and higher expectations of success across both time points (X2 p < .05). Notably, gender did not predict membership in any profile, suggesting that social goal patterns are similar for boys and girls. No differences in intentions to continue were found across profiles. These findings enhance our understanding of social motivation in young athletes, emphasising the dynamic nature of social goals during CYT.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kernkörpertemperaturreaktionen männlicher Fußballspieler während Spielen bei Hitze -  Zusammenhänge mit physiologischen und laufbezogenen Belastungsanforderungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097327</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097327</guid>
      <author>Schwarz, E.</author>
      <author>Oliveira, C. B.</author>
      <author>Duarte Muñoz, M.</author>
      <author>Alanis, A.</author>
      <author>Alanis, M.</author>
      <author>Lara, A.</author>
      <author>Freeze, A.</author>
      <author>Costa, J. A.</author>
      <author>Eckerle, L.</author>
      <author>Meyer, T.</author>
      <author>Duffield, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Regulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thermoregulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hydration</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Hitze</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Schwarz, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliveira, C. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duarte Muñoz, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alanis, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alanis, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lara, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Freeze, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Costa, J. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Eckerle, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Meyer, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duffield, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
This study describes core temperature (Tcore) responses during football matches in warm to hot conditions. It aims to identify which physiological, running, and perceptual factors are associated with reaching high Tcore values while controlling for environmental conditions and cooling.
Design
Forty highly trained male youth football players participated in at least two out of four matches held at temperatures between 26 and 42°C. In three matches, heat mitigation strategies (passive rest and 17°C drinks, or cold towels and 5°C drinks) were applied pre-match, at half-time, and in additional breaks per half.
Methods
Match running, heart rates, hydration markers, and perceptual responses were measured and checked for associations with peak Tcore values via linear mixed models accounting for environmental conditions and heat mitigation strategies.
Results
Peak Tcore was 39.2±0.5°C (range: 37.9-40.1°C). Higher total distance (ß=0.39 [0.13, 0.64], p=0.004) and distance at low-to-moderate speeds (ß=0.44 [0.18, 0.69], p=0.001) were associated with higher peak Tcore, while walking distance was inversely associated (ß=-0.42 [-0.69, -0.15], p=0.003). High-speed and sprinting distances were not associated with peak Tcore. Higher heart rate (ß=0.37 [0.10, 0.64], p=0.008), sweat loss (ß=0.38 [0.14, 0.62], p=0.002) and body mass loss (ß=0.20 [0.00, 0.40], p=0.047) were also associated with higher peak Tcore. Rating-of-fatigue (p=0.74), perceived exertion (p=0.78), and thermal sensation (p=0.98) were not associated with peak Tcore.
Conclusions
High Tcore peaks were observed in all conditions and were associated with higher heart rate, sweat loss, and match running. Covering more distance at low-to-moderate speed was associated with a higher heat strain, whereas walking more (instead of running) was associated with lower Tcore peaks.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zwischen Fürsorge und Kompromissfindung: Eine qualitative Studie zu den Rollen des medizinischen Personals im deutschen Spitzenhandball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097328</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097328</guid>
      <author>Reussner, A. K.</author>
      <author>John, J. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Deutschland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Personal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Betreuung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Reussner, A. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>John, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
This study explores how medical staff in German elite handball interpret their roles in managing athlete health and how they navigate role-related challenges within the performance-driven context of elite sport.
Design
Qualitative study using a constructivist framework, positing that reality is constructed through active engagement with and interpretation of experiences.
Methods
Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with doctors and physiotherapists (n=10 each) working in Germany's elite handball system, including the national team and Bundesliga clubs. A reflexive thematic analysis of the data was conducted, focusing on patterns of meaning to gain a nuanced understanding of the complex role interpretations of medical staff.
Results
We generated five roles for medical staff in elite handball: (1) Decide, (2) Coordinate, (3) Educate, (4) Enable, and (5) Protect. These roles illustrate the interdependence between the visible, compensated work and invisible, often unrecognized work that medical staff perform. Within each role we uncovered tensions between athlete care and performance imperatives. Ethical dilemmas arose in relation to analgesic use and return to sport. Participants described role ambiguity due to unclear boundaries and expectations.
Conclusions
Doctors and physiotherapists in elite handball navigate complex and ethically charged roles. Their unseen labor and boundary work are central to athlete health management but remain under-supported in current sport systems. Recommendations include interdisciplinary communication training, clearer ethical codes, and employing independent medical staffing. Future research should examine cooperative decision-making from multiple perspectives and over time.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Das Wissen professioneller Schiedsrichter über das medizinische FIFA-Protokoll zu Gehirnerschütterungen und ihre Erfahrungen mit Gehirnerschütterungen während des Spielbetriebs</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097329</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097329</guid>
      <author>Rosenbloom, C.</author>
      <author>Massey, A.</author>
      <author>Kryger, K. O.</author>
      <author>Serner, A.</author>
      <author>Peek, K.</author>
      <author>Carmody, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kampfrichter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gehirn</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Richtlinie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfahrung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>FIFA</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Gehirnerschütterung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rosenbloom, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Massey, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kryger, K. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Serner, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peek, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Carmody, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
This cross-sectional online self-administered survey aimed to investigate professional referees' experiences of concussion during match-play, and their knowledge of the then-current pre-2022 FIFA Medical Concussion Protocol.
Methods
A 25-question survey was emailed to 200 FIFA-accredited referees, with 83 completed responses being returned.
Results
75% of referees correctly answered five basic questions pertaining to the Concussion Protocol, but only 52% perceived that their concussion knowledge was appropriate, with 28% of referees reported attending structured education on concussion. Interest in learning more about concussions was high, 95%.
Conclusions
Concussion education tailored to future and current referees should be considered a priority.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wechselwirkungen zwischen Menstruationszyklus, Trainingsbelastung und Kraftleistung bei Elite-Gewichtheberinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097330</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097330</guid>
      <author>Schatz, P.</author>
      <author>Ullrich, F.</author>
      <author>Siegert, F.</author>
      <author>Legerlotz, K.</author>
      <author>Diel, P.</author>
      <author>Isenmann, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gewichtheben</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Schatz, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ullrich, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Siegert, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Legerlotz, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Diel, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Isenmann, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on strength performance, training load, and subjective recovery in elite female weightlifters.
Design
A six-month observational study involving eight eumenorrheic female weightlifters (age: 24.5±5.3 years; body weight: 72±11 kg), with menstrual cycle phases identified through diaries and daily temperature measurements. Saliva samples were collected every two days for three months to confirm eumenorrheic cycles.
Methods
Back squat strength was assessed during training sessions using an inertial measurement unit (ENODE Sensor). Subjective recovery was evaluated via the Short Recovery and Stress Scale.
Results
Out of 32 potential cycles, 24 (75%) were recorded, with a mean cycle length of 27.0±2.5 days. No direct impact of menstrual cycle phases on back squat performance was found. However, during moderate training weeks, a significant performance decrease was observed in the late luteal phase compared to the early follicular phase and during low training weeks. Short Recovery and Stress Scale scores showed no significant changes across phases.
Conclusions
The menstrual cycle alone does not significantly affect strength capacity or perceived recovery in elite weightlifters. However, strength performance is significantly reduced in the late luteal phase when training load is moderate. Further studies should examine the menstrual cycle's interaction with other influencing factors.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Einfluss der sportlichen Leistung in den Spielen auf die Auswahl für Futsal-Nachwuchsprogramme: Eine detaillierte Analyse nach Mannschaftsrang in Portugal</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097340</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097340</guid>
      <author>Ribeiro, J. N.</author>
      <author>Yousefian, F.</author>
      <author>Arede, J.</author>
      <author>Sarmento, H.</author>
      <author>Leite, N.</author>
      <author>Travassos, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Futsal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Talentidentifikation</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Talententwicklung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ribeiro, J. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yousefian, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arede, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sarmento, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leite, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Travassos, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined the physical match performance of male youth futsal players in Portugal, focusing on their team ranks and participation in the National Team Development Program (NTDP) selection. Data on locomotor activity was gathered using local positioning system devices during a four-day under-15 regional inter-association competition involving 202 players from 22 teams categorized into three national ranks: R1 (top), R2 (middle), and R3 (bottom). The physical performance metrics were collected: total distance covered (TD; in meters), low-intensity running (LIR, 0-12 km/h), medium-intensity running (MIR, 12.1-18 km/h), and high-intensity running (HIR, 18.1-30 km/h). Linear mixed model analyses revealed that players in R1 and R2 exhibited significantly greater relative intensities (meters per minute) and higher percentages of MIR and HIR compared to those in R3 (p = .001; ES: 0.4-1.1). In terms of selection status, players selected for the NTDP demonstrated superior absolute total distance (TD) and relative intensities across various running categories (LIR, MIR, and HIR) compared to non-selected players (p = .01; ES: 0.7-1.7). These findings underscore the correlation between higher performance metrics and team rankings, emphasizing the need for targeted training to enhance HIR performance, ultimately aiding in the development of youth futsal players and informing elite coaches` selection processes for the NTDP.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Faktoren für die Auswahl und Nicht-Auswahl junger Taekwondo-Sportler: Einbeziehung multidisziplinärer Bewertungen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097341</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097341</guid>
      <author>Kons, R. L.</author>
      <author>Tozetto, W. R.</author>
      <author>Bussato, E.</author>
      <author>Felix, G.</author>
      <author>Ishibashi, M.</author>
      <author>Milisted, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Taekwondo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eignung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Anthropometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingssteuerung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Talentidentifikation</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Talententwicklung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kons, R. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tozetto, W. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bussato, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Felix, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ishibashi, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Milisted, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study identifies factors distinguishing selected and non-selected young Brazilian taekwondo athletes, focusing on physical attributes, age, maturity, sociodemographic, training characteristics, and psychosocial factors. One hundred and forty-nine athletes (77 males, 72 females) were divided into selected (n = 99) and non-selected (n = 50) groups. Anthropometric measurements (body mass and stature) and training characteristics (years of practice, weekly training duration) were assessed, followed by psychosocial questionnaires (sources of enjoyment, coach-athlete relationship, and sport mental health continuum). Student t-tests and linear regression analyses were conducted, with a 5% significance level. Results showed that selected athletes had higher in training volume per week (p = .023) and better coach-athlete relationship score (p = .050). Additionally, athletes from the Southeast region had 3.25 times higher odds of being selected, while those from the South had 2.77 times higher odds. Furthermore, athletes with seven or more years of practice were 2.06 times higher odds more likely to be selected compared to their less experienced peers (p < .05). In conclusion, selected athletes benefited from more intensive training and stronger coach relationships. These findings suggest that young Brazilian taekwondo athletes with access to better training opportunities, particularly in well-supported regions, and extensive practice experience are more likely to succeed in the selection process.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Quantifizierung der wöchentlichen externen Belastung bei Futsal-Spielerinnen: unter Berücksichtigung der Schwankungen zwischen den Tagen und den Spielerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097342</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097342</guid>
      <author>Spyrou, K.</author>
      <author>Ribeiro, J. N.</author>
      <author>Alcaraz, P. E.</author>
      <author>Freitas, T. T.</author>
      <author>Travassos, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Futsal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingssteuerung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielhandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Spyrou, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ribeiro, J. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alcaraz, P. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Freitas, T. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Travassos, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to analyze weekly training external load and match demands in female futsal players. Eight players competing in the 2nd Division of Spain, were recruited. Training and match load data, including total, low- medium- high-intensity accelerations (ACC), decelerations (DEC), and changes of direction (COD) were recorded and analyzed considering total effective time. A linear mixed model was used. Significantly more ACC and COD, and total and low-intensity DEC actions occurred on match day (MD), MD-4 and MD-2 compared to MD+2 (p = <.001-0.04; ES = 0.56-1.79). No differences were found between MD and MD-4 (p = 0.293-1.000; ES = 0.00-0.71). Significantly more total ACC and total and low-intensity DEC occurred on MD than MD-2 (p = 0.014-0.021; ES = 0.29-0.55), and total DEC and COD on MD-4 than MD-2 (p = 0.001-0.017; ES = 0.28-0.89). Moderate-high inter-day and -player variability was found. The microcycle periodized based on MD, revealing inter-day and individual variability in external load.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung der exzentrischen Kraft der hinteren Oberschenkelmuskulatur: Messwerte für Spitzenkraft, Drehmoment und Impuls bei Nachwuchsfußballern einer Eliteakademie</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097343</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097343</guid>
      <author>Tondelli, E.</author>
      <author>Tomaghelli, L.</author>
      <author>Tedesco, F.</author>
      <author>Feroldi, A.</author>
      <author>Herbella, J.</author>
      <author>Baldjian, A.</author>
      <author>Van Dyk, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bein</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsdiagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Alter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prävention</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Nordic hamstring exercise</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>exzentrisch</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tondelli, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tomaghelli, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tedesco, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Feroldi, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Herbella, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baldjian, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Van Dyk, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to characterize eccentric strength metrics and the bilateral asymmetry index of the knee flexor muscles across different categories in elite academy soccer players. Also, explore correlations between the metrics with demographic characteristics. With a cross-sectional design, data were collected over two weeks during the mid-year break of the 2023 season. Eccentric muscle strength was assessed with the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) with the NordBord®. One hundred thirty-two male elite academy soccer players between 13 and 20 years old (16.3 ± 2.2 years; body mass (BM): 68.8 ± 6.5 kg; height: 174 ± 7 cm) competing in the Argentinian Football League participated. Metrics included were relative and absolute peak force (PF), peak torque (PT), and eccentric impulse (EI). Bilateral asymmetry index (BAI) was calculated for each metric. Eccentric PF, PT, and EI significantly increased with age. BAI decreased from the U17 category onward. Moderate correlations were observed between PF and PT with BM (r = 0.45, p < .001, 95% CI: 0.31-0.58; and r = 0.54, p < .001, 95% CI: 0.41-0.65, respectively), and PF with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.37, p < .001, 95% CI: 0.22-0.51). EI had weaker correlations with BM (r = 0.12, p < .1665, 95% CI: -0.061-0.3). PF and PT peaked at the U17 and declined in older categories. To conclude, this study found higher eccentric hamstring strength values in elite youth soccer players than previously reported. PF showed moderate correlation with BMI, while EI had weak correlations with BM. Significant age-related variations in BAI were observed, particularly in younger players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zuverlässigkeit, Sensitivität und Konstruktvalidität von Drop-Jump- und Langhantelgeschwindigkeitsmessungen zur Bestimmung des neuromuskulären Status bei professionellen männlichen Basketballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097344</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097344</guid>
      <author>Bartlett, R. J.</author>
      <author>Scanlan, A. T.</author>
      <author>Elsworthy, N.</author>
      <author>Bowe, S.</author>
      <author>Shirley, S. K.</author>
      <author>Guy, J. H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gütekriterien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schnellkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Langhantel</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bartlett, R. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Scanlan, A. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Elsworthy, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bowe, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shirley, S. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Guy, J. H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Pragmatic monitoring methods to assess neuromuscular status (NMS) can offer useful insight regarding player recovery and readiness to perform in basketball contexts. Consequently, this novel study investigated the reliability, sensitivity, and construct validity of drop jump and barbell velocity tests in assessing NMS in basketball players. Twelve professional, male players (26.3 ± 2.2 years) were initially assessed across retest trials to determine the reliability and sensitivity of reactive strength index (RSI) from the drop jump and barbell mean propulsive velocity (MPV) from the trap bar deadlift. The construct validity of these approaches was assessed by comparing RSI and MPV measurements taken immediately before (baseline), immediately after, and 36 hr following a basketball-specific fatiguing protocol. Relatively strong reliability was demonstrated in drop jump RSI (ICC = 0.80; CV = 6.99%) and barbell MPV (ICC = 0.76; CV = 4.96%). Drop jump RSI and barbell velocity demonstrated okay and good sensitivity in detecting moderate changes, respectively. Nonsignificant (p > .05) small-to-moderate differences in drop jump RSI and trivial differences in barbell MPV were apparent between time points. The drop jump and trap bar deadlift tests may provide reliable measures, sensitive to moderate changes in performance, but appear limited in detecting changes in NMS surrounding high-load basketball activity. The greater sensitivity and simplicity of the drop jump indicate it may potentially be the more pragmatic approach. However, future research should explore the effect various fatiguing stimuli have on drop jump RSI and barbell MPV to better understand their validity as monitoring methods.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Profile professioneller Breakdancer aus aller Welt, die sich für die Olympischen Spiele qualifizieren: Analyse von Trainingsmustern, psychischer Gesundheit und Verletzungsmerkmalen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097315</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097315</guid>
      <author>Lindner, S. M.</author>
      <author>Schott, N.</author>
      <author>Morales-Castillo, S.</author>
      <author>Nonnenmann, J.</author>
      <author>Steinberg, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tanz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Breakdance</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>mentale Gesundheit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lindner, S. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schott, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morales-Castillo, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nonnenmann, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Steinberg, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction: Breaking has been included in the 2024 Olympic Games; however, research on the training and injuries of professional breakers remains limited. This study examines the profiles of competitive breakers within national squads worldwide, focusing on the defining characteristics of professional breakers qualifying for the 2024 Paris Olympics regarding their training patterns, mental health, and injury characteristics.

Methods: Sixty-four professional breakers, 27 males and 37 females, with a mean age of 26.4 ± 4.6 years from 43 national squads participated in this study (n = 17 elite athletes ranked from 1 to 64 in the 2023 Olympic ranking; n = 30 developing athletes ranked from 65 to 600; n = 17 non-ranked athletes as they did not participate in Olympic qualification competitions after that). They completed a questionnaire regarding their training and competition habits, their mental health, and the injuries sustained from breaking. ANOVAs with post-hoc comparisons were utilized to identify group differences based on the independent variables of elite level and sex. Multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between Olympic ranking and training parameters, mental health, and injuries.

Results: Elite athletes participated in more competitions than developing athletes (F(2,56) = 6.86, P = .002, np^2 = .20). Athletes across all groups experienced injuries in the previous 12 months, with muscle and joint injuries being the most frequently reported. Performing in the elite athletes` group in 2023 was significantly positively associated with the onset of breaking (OR 1.38), body conditioning (OR 2.18), and a Top 32 ranking in 2021 (OR 62.1) and significantly negatively associated with endurance training (OR 0.264), and body weight (OR 62.1).

Conclusion: These findings provide insights into the profile of professional breakers qualifying for the Olympic Games, which are essential for optimizing performance, promoting health, and supporting the rapid development of this Olympic dance style.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tragbare Biosensoren zur Überwachung der körperlichen Belastung bei Tänzern: Eine systematische Übersicht</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 10:58:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097316</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097316</guid>
      <author>Wiese, K. R.</author>
      <author>Ambegaonkar, J. P.</author>
      <author>Martin, J.</author>
      <author>Kenny, S. J.</author>
      <author>Hansen-Honeycutt, J.</author>
      <author>Pisay, P.</author>
      <author>Miller, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tanz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Wiese, K. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ambegaonkar, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kenny, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hansen-Honeycutt, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pisay, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Miller, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction: Dancers are aesthetic athletes with high workloads similar to sport athletes. Wearable biosensors are used in athletics to assess workload and inform training decisions to optimize performance and reduce fatigue and injury risk. While workload monitoring methods in dancers have been systematically reviewed, limited research specifically examines using wearable biosensors for this purpose. Thus, this study aims to systematically review how wearable biosensors are used to monitor workload in dancers.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, 8 databases were searched by 2 authors. Articles were included if participants were current dancers, workload was assessed during dance activity by wearable biosensors, and published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Dancer characteristics (age, sex, anthropometrics, years dancing, training level, dance style) and methods (sessions, variables, setting, biosensor) were extracted and synthesized in an Excel synthesis matrix. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists were used to assess the risk of bias.

Results: 35 of 119 potentially relevant studies were included. Heart rate (HR) monitors (25 studies) and accelerometers (12 studies) were primarily used. 24 studies (69%) examined only objective workload and 23 studies (66%) examined internal workload. The most common dependent variable was HR (25 studies). The duration of data collection ranged between 1 and 49 days, with 26% of studies (n = 9) using a single day. High-level (14 studies) female (74.7%; n = 1342) ballet dancers (45.7%; n = 16 studies) were most assessed. Risk of bias was fair-to-moderate across studies.

Conclusions: This systematic review highlights 4 primary trends across previous literature assessing workload in dancers using wearable biosensors to inform future research. First, HR monitors, followed by accelerometers, are the most common wearable biosensors used to quantify workload in dancers. Second, most studies only evaluated objective physiological (internal) workload, primarily using HR variables. Third, data were primarily collected within a timeframe of 1 to 3 days. Finally, high-level female ballet dancers were predominantly assessed.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
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