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    <item>
      <title>Bewegungserfassung im Freien in großem Maßstab</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098794</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098794</guid>
      <author>Zwölfer, M.</author>
      <author>Mössner, M.</author>
      <author>Rhodin, H.</author>
      <author>Nachbauer, W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Video</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zwölfer, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mössner, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rhodin, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nachbauer, W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Capturing kinematic data in outdoor sports is challenging, as motions span large capture volumes and occur under difficult environmental conditions. Video-based approaches, particularly with pan-tilt-zoom cameras, offer a practical solution, but the extensive manual post-processing required limits their use to short sequences and few athletes. This study presents a motion capture pipeline that automates the detection of both reference points and sport-specific keypoints to overcome this limitation. The field test employed eight cameras covering a 250×80×30 m capture volume with nearly 300 reference points. Ten state-certified ski instructors performed eight standardized maneuvers. Reference points were localized through a hybrid approach combining YOLO object detection and ArUco marker identification. AlphaPose was fine-tuned on a new manually annotated dataset to detect skier-specific keypoints (e.g., skis, poles) alongside anatomical landmarks. Continuous frame-wise calibration and 3D reconstruction were performed using Direct Linear Transformation. Evaluation compared automated detections with manual annotations. Automated reference point detection achieved a mean localization error of 4.1 pixels (0.1% of 4K width) and reduced 3D segment-length variation by 23%. The skier-specific keypoint model reached 98% PCK, mAP of 0.97, and an MPJPE of 10.3 pixels while lowering 3D segment-length variation by 0.5 cm compared to manual digitization and 0.6 cm relative to a pretrained model. Replacing manual digitization with automated detection improves accuracy and facilitates kinematic data collection in large outdoor fields with many athletes and trials. The approach also enables the creation of sport-specific datasets valuable for biomechanical research and training next-generation 3D pose estimation models.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimierung der Trainingshäufigkeit beim EEG-Biofeedback: Eine vergleichende Studie zur Protokolldynamik und zur neuromuskulären Anpassung bei Judo-Spitzensportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098795</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098795</guid>
      <author>Markiel, A.</author>
      <author>Skalski, D.</author>
      <author>Losinska, K.</author>
      <author>Zak, M.</author>
      <author>Maszczyk, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>EEG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biofeedback</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Neurophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Markiel, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Skalski, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Losinska, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zak, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maszczyk, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: The optimal frequency of EEG biofeedback sessions for elite athletes remains unclear, despite growing adoption of neurofeedback in high-performance sport. Methods: This randomized, controlled study compared three EEG biofeedback protocols (daily, every-other-day, every-third-day) in 24 national-level male judo athletes stratified into three phenotypic groups. Each protocol comprised 15 standardized sessions. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included functional indices (strength, power) and neurophysiological measures (Frontal Alpha Index, EMG amplitude/RMS, corrected strength sum). Biosensor performance was validated via signal quality metrics. Results: Daily EEG biofeedback produced superior improvements in strength, FAI, and fatigue resistance. Although LRG showed the largest pre-post RMS increase (+17.44 *V vs. +16.54 *V in HRG), HRG maintained the highest post-intervention RMS values and best fatigue resistance (MF_drop = *2.15 Hz). Significant group × time interactions were observed for FAI (p = 0.027) and RMS (p = 0.019). Every-other-day protocols yielded moderate gains, while every-third-day protocols produced minimal or maladaptive EMG-load dynamics. A robust dose-response relationship was evident. Conclusions: Session frequency is critical for optimizing neurofeedback interventions in elite athletes. Daily EEG biofeedback confers superior adaptation compared to less frequent dosing.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Schätzung des Kniegelenks mit einem Smartphone mit einer einzigen Kamera</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098796</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098796</guid>
      <author>Russo, M.</author>
      <author>Ricciardi, C.</author>
      <author>Romano, M.</author>
      <author>Santoriello, V.</author>
      <author>Ponsiglione, A. M.</author>
      <author>Amato, F.</author>
      <author>Spadea, M. F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Russo, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ricciardi, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Romano, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Santoriello, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ponsiglione, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Amato, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Spadea, M. F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[(1) Background: Gait analysis provides quantitative information on walking patterns and has proven invaluable for assessing motor function in rehabilitation programmes. A markerless motion capture system combining computer vision techniques provides low-cost, real-time, portable gait analysis. (2) Methods: The kinematics of the knee and ankle of twenty-seven healthy volunteers were assessed using a single smartphone camera combined with the MediaPipe human pose estimation framework. The system was validated using the OPAL wearable sensor system by APDM Wearable Technologies. (3) Results: Findings showed close correspondence between the two systems for knee kinematics showing a mean absolute error of 4.10° ± 2.32° and 3.15° ± 3.10° for right and left knee flexion, respectively, and a mean absolute error of 2.30° ± 2.01° and 3.12° ± 2.63° for right and left knee extension, respectively. The mean absolute error for right and left knee range of motion was found to be 4.55° ± 3.12° and 4.15° ± 3.01°, respectively. Moreover, Bland-Altman plots indicated minimal bias (average 0.6 for flexion, average 0.47 for the extension, and 0.30 for the range of motion) and excellent correlation for knee flexion bilaterally (0.916 and 0.845 for the right and left side, respectively), with slightly lower but still satisfactory agreement for knee extension (0.862 and 0.845 for the right and left side, respectively). Conversely, ankle measurements revealed poor concordance: dorsiflexion and range of motion presented significant differences and systematic errors, while plantarflexion showed no statistical difference but weak correlation. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that combining a smartphone camera with a human pose estimation framework allows for low-cost, real-time, portable gait analysis, particularly of the knee joint.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auf dem Weg zu einer kontinuierlichen Analyse der Schwimmstrecke im olympischen Triathlon: Eine systematische Übersicht über sensorbasierte Bewertungsansätze im Open-Water-Sport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098797</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098797</guid>
      <author>Seelhöfer, J.</author>
      <author>Wick, J.</author>
      <author>Witt, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Freiwasserschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Triathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Seelhöfer, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wick, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Witt, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) offer precise movement analyses based on distance and speed in open-water sports. Despite the influence of swimming in triathlon, its performance analysis remains underdeveloped due to methodological limitations in capturing continuous data in aquatic environments. This review aimed to: (1) systematically analyse and compare the sensor-based technologies applied to open-water movement analysis, and (2) propose a framework for continuous GNSS-based assessment of triathlon swim performance. A systematic search was conducted prior to the 14 August 2025 across four databases (Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and SPONET). Studies were eligible if they analysed open-water sports using GNSS-based technologies for continuous movement or performance analysis. Studies limited to indoor swimming, inertial sensors, or non-sporting applications were excluded. Methodological quality and potential sources of bias were evaluated using a custom scheme based on GNSS reporting guidelines, as methodological heterogeneity precluded the application of standardised tools. Following screening and eligibility assessment, articles were analysed qualitatively. In total, 20 articles were included and focused on surfing, sailing, water skiing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, stand-up paddling (SUP), and swimming. Most studies focused on board- and sail-based sports, employed sampling frequencies between 1 and 15 Hz, and demonstrated substantial variability in device specifications and reporting quality. Different sensors and GNSS-derived variables were central to discipline-specific performance analysis. The strength of evidence is limited by the heterogeneous methodologies, and variable reporting quality. The proposed framework provides methodological guidance for implementing high-resolution GNSS-based monitoring in triathlon swimming to improve pacing analysis and race strategy development.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unterschiede in der Kinematik und der Muskelaktivierung zwischen Hochleistungs- und Mittelklasse-Tennisspielern beim Vorhand-Drive</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098798</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098798</guid>
      <author>Pedro, B.</author>
      <author>Cabral, S.</author>
      <author>João, F.</author>
      <author>Lei, A. M. K.</author>
      <author>Veloso, A. P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pedro, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cabral, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>João, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lei, A. M. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Veloso, A. P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study compared the kinematic and neuromuscular characteristics of the tennis forehand drive between high-performance (HP) and intermediate (INT) players. Eighteen right-handed male players (HP: n = 9; INT: n = 9) performed cross-court forehands while three-dimensional motion capture and surface electromyography (EMG) were recorded from the dominant upper limb and trunk. Kinematic and EMG data were time-normalized to the forward swing. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping two-sample t-tests were used to compare joint angles, angular and linear velocities, and EMG amplitude waveforms between groups. Bonferroni-corrected significance levels were set at * = 0.0017 for kinematic variables and * = 0.0063 for EMG data. HP players exhibited greater racket linear velocity during the final part of the forward swing, accompanied by higher shoulder, elbow and wrist linear velocities, whereas hip linear velocity did not differ between groups. Joint angles were broadly similar, with SPM revealing only slightly greater early knee flexion in HP players. In contrast, HP players showed higher hip and knee angular velocities and greater wrist angular velocities in both flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation towards impact. EMG patterns were generally comparable, but HP players displayed higher biceps brachii activation in two significant clusters during the mid-to-late forward swing and greater triceps brachii activation in the late forward swing. No significant differences were observed for deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, flexor carpi radialis or extensor carpi radialis. These findings indicate that superior forehand performance in HP players is associated primarily with refined segmental coordination, greater lower-limb and distal segment velocities, and locally increased elbow muscle activation, rather than with widespread increases in upper-limb or trunk muscle activity.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Olympische Winterspiele und Winter-Paralympics 2026. Zur Entwicklung der nationalen Spitzensportkonzepte der Niederlande, Italiens, Schwedens und der Schweiz im Olympiazyklus 2022-2026</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098905</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098905</guid>
      <dc:format>Buch</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Niederlande</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schweden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schweiz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Italien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Struktur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Finanzen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportverband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Organisation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>national</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympiazyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausbildung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Länderanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Buch</dc:format>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Analyse aktueller, auf den Olympiazyklus 2022-2026 bezogener Entwicklungen der nationalen Leistungssportkonzepte und -systeme der Niederlande, Italiens, Schwedens und der Schweiz.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Niederlande - "Wir machen es richtig, oder wir tun es nicht"</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098906</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098906</guid>
      <author>Franz, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Niederlande</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>staatlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Struktur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Finanzen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportverband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Organisation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>national</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympiazyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Länderanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Franz, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Analyse aktueller, auf den Olympiazyklus 2022-2026 bezogener Entwicklungen des nationalen Leistungssportkonzepts und -systems der Niederlande.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Schweden</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098907</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098907</guid>
      <author>Marhold, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schweden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Struktur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Finanzen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportverband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Organisation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>national</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympiazyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Länderanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Marhold, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Analyse aktueller, auf den Olympiazyklus 2022-2026 bezogener Entwicklungen des nationalen Leistungssportkonzepts und -systems Schwedens.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Italien - "Die Republik erkennt den Bildungs-, Sozial- und Gesundheitswert sportlicher Betätigung in all ihren Formen an"</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098908</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098908</guid>
      <author>Tomasi, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Italien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>staatlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Struktur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Finanzen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportverband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Organisation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>national</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympiazyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Länderanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tomasi, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Analyse aktueller, auf den Olympiazyklus 2022-2026 bezogener Entwicklungen des nationalen Leistungssportkonzepts und -systems Italiens.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Schweiz - "Die gesellschaftliche Wertschätzung des Spitzensports hängt zunehmend davon ab, dass er mehr bietet als Medaillen"</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098909</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098909</guid>
      <author>Henschel, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schweiz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>staatlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Struktur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Finanzen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportverband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Organisation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>national</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympiazyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wissenschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sicherheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Länderanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Henschel, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Analyse aktueller, auf den Olympiazyklus 2022-2026 bezogener Entwicklungen des nationalen Leistungssportkonzepts und -systems der Schweiz.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Olympiaanalyse Mailand Cortina 2026: Was erfolgreiche Wintersportnationen auszeichnet</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098910</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098910</guid>
      <author>Henschel, K.</author>
      <author>Tomasi, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympiazyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Programm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>international</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>staatlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Länderanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Henschel, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tomasi, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Analyse der übergreifenden Entwicklung und Erfolgsmerkmale führender Wintersportnationen im Kontext von Mailand Cortina 2026. Untersucht werden u. a. allgemeine Kennziffern, Programmänderungen, Leistungsentwicklung, Medailleneffizienz und Ausrichtereffekte. Zentrale Erfolgsmerkmale reichen von einer abgestimmten strategischen Steuerung bis hin zur leistungsorientierten individuellen Athletenförderung. Beobachtete übergreifende Trends umfassen die zunehmend datengestützte staatliche Förderung, aber auch die wachsende Professionalisierung, internationale Vernetzung, Geschlechtergerechtigkeit, Inklusion und Nachhaltigkeit zentraler Akteure.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Parallele Validität einer auf Computer Vision und künstlicher Intelligenz basierenden Software zur Spielerverfolgung unter Verwendung von Sendeaufnahmen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098789</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098789</guid>
      <author>Crang, Z. L.</author>
      <author>Johnston, R. D.</author>
      <author>Mills, K. L.</author>
      <author>Billingham, J.</author>
      <author>Robertson, S.</author>
      <author>Cole, M. H.</author>
      <author>Weakley, J.</author>
      <author>Hewitt, A.</author>
      <author>Duthie, G. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Software</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Crang, Z. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnston, R. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mills, K. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Billingham, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Robertson, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cole, M. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Weakley, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hewitt, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duthie, G. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to: (1) quantify the accuracy of commercially available computer-vision and artificial intelligence (AI) player tracking software to measure player position, speed and distance covered using broadcast footage and (2) determine the impact of camera feed and resolution on accuracy. Data were obtained from one match at the 2022 Qatar Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup. Tactical, programme and camera 1 feeds were used. Three commercial tracking providers that use computer-vision and AI participated. Providers analysed instantaneous position (x, y co-ordinates) and speed (m·s *1 ) of each player. Their data were compared with a high-definition multi-camera tracking system (TRACAB Gen 5). Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias were calculated. Position RMSE ranged from 1.68 to 16.39 m, while speed RMSE ranged from 0.34 to 2.38 m·s *1 . Total distance mean bias ranged from *1745 m (*21.8%) to 1945 m (24.3%) across providers. Computer-vision and AI player tracking software offer the best accuracy when players are detected by the software. Providers should use a tactical feed when tracking position and speed, which will maximise player detection, improving accuracy. Both 720p and 1080p resolutions are suitable, assuming appropriate computer-vision and AI models are implemented.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Blockchain-basiertes Model Context Protocol (MCP) für Vertrauen und Einwilligung in der durch große Sprachmodelle (LLM) gesteuerten Sportanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098790</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098790</guid>
      <author>Ferreira, J. C.</author>
      <author>Gonçalves, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Datenbank</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Algorithmus</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ferreira, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonçalves, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models to query and synthesize sports data across distributed sources, yet it lacks built-in mechanisms for provenance, integrity, and athlete-controlled access. This study proposes a hybrid MCP-blockchain architecture for LLM4Sports , a domain-specific model fine-tuned on localized sports datasets. In this design, MCP orchestrates multi-database retrieval, while a blockchain layer immutably anchors query and data-bundle hashes. Smart contracts manage time-bound and granular consent through decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials, and auditable logs ensure end-to-end traceability. We contribute: (i) a trust-enhanced reference architecture combining MCP and blockchain; (ii) reusable prompt and workflow templates that embed consent validation within natural-language tasks (e.g., "Summarize athlete X's performance with verified consent"); and (iii) prototype implementations for both team analytics and personalized coaching. Evaluations on synthetic but realistic workloads show high verification accuracy and minimal orchestration overhead, demonstrating the feasibility of real-time, consent-aware analytics. The proposed framework enhances interoperability, regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR), and athlete autonomy, while bolstering practitioner trust. We conclude by discussing scalability, legacy integration, and privacy trade-offs, and by outlining next steps toward field pilots and multimodal extensions (e.g., video provenance) across professional and amateur sports ecosystems.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Statistische Analyse der defensiven Reaktionen in der NBA auf "Hot-Hand"-Serien</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098791</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098791</guid>
      <author>Kondur, A.</author>
      <author>Shen, W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verteidigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Abwehr</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Statistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kondur, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shen, W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Understanding how humans adapt to streaky performance under uncertainty is central to research on belief updating, attention, and decision-making. Professional basketball provides a naturalistic setting in which these processes can be observed under real incentives and time pressure. Using NBA player-tracking data, we examine how defenders adjust their behavior in response to offensive shooting outcomes, shifting focus from shooter performance to defensive adaptation. We conduct three complementary studies relating multiple spatial defensive metrics to recent shooting history, including asymmetric responses to makes versus misses, cumulative success over short memory windows, and escalation during extended streaks. Across analyses, we estimate regression-based models with appropriate clustering and controls to isolate behavioral updating from contextual factors. The results show clear evidence of asymmetric updating: defenders tighten coverage more after made shots than they relax following misses, with effects strongest for the closest defender. Defensive adjustments are driven primarily by short recency windows of approximately three to five shots. Escalation during long hot streaks is limited, with defensive responses stabilizing rather than increasing indefinitely. Together, these findings suggest that defensive behavior reflects psychologically structured but bounded belief updating rather than full rational inference or indiscriminate overreaction to streaks.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Biomechanische Unterschiede bei College-Sprintern, die durch spezialisierte und abwechslungsreiche Trainingsprogramme hervorgerufen wurden</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098792</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098792</guid>
      <author>Li, H.</author>
      <author>Zheng, S.</author>
      <author>Wang, S.</author>
      <author>Cao, Q.</author>
      <author>Zhang, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausbildung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kurzstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Diagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Drop jump</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study compared collegiate sprinters from two common admission routes in China to identify pathway-associated differences that may inform subsequent training for athletes entering via the Physical Education College Entrance Examination pathway. Twenty male collegiate sprinters were allocated to a Sports Independent Enrollment group and a Physical Education College Entrance Examination group, with ten participants in each. Participants completed isokinetic knee testing, drop jump tests, static balance tests, and drop jump electromyography assessment. Isokinetic outcomes were largely comparable between groups, although the Sports Independent Enrollment group showed faster time to reach peak torque in the nondominant-side knee extensors. In drop jumps, the Sports Independent Enrollment group demonstrated higher reactive strength, shorter ground contact time, greater leg stiffness normalized to body weight, and shorter propulsion duration. Electromyography patterns differed between groups across movement phases. Balance differences were mainly observed under the single-leg eyes-closed condition in unadjusted comparisons, but none remained significant after false discovery rate adjustment. Overall, between-group differences were more evident in rapid force production and neuromuscular control than in the magnitude of isokinetic strength. These findings provide practical targets for designing subsequent training priorities for athletes entering through the Physical Education College Entrance Examination pathway.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quantitative Vergleichsanalyse des jährlichen Trainingsumfangs und der Intensitätsverteilung bei männlichen Biathlon-Nationalmannschafts- und Hochschulsportlern unter Einsatz von GPS-Systemen und tragbaren Geräten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098793</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098793</guid>
      <author>Zhang, G.</author>
      <author>Hu, Q.</author>
      <author>Kim, Y.</author>
      <author>Choi, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsumfang</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Choi, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Wearable sensors and global positioning systems (GPS) can enable objective monitoring of training loads in outdoor endurance sports. In biathlons, comparing training characteristics across developmental stages can help identify structural gaps and support evidence-informed progression within long-term athlete development (LTAD). This study aimed to quantitatively compare the annual training characteristics of Korean male biathlon national team (NT) and university (UNV) athletes. Methods: Annual physical training data (2022-2024) from NT (n = 6) and UNV (n = 6) athletes were collected using Catapult Vector S7 GPS devices and Polar H10 heart rate monitors. Training volume, intensity distribution (zones 1-3 based on %HRmax), modality (skiing vs. running), and periodization were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests with rank-biserial correlation (r_rb). Results: NT athletes accumulated a higher annual training time and distance than UNV athletes (812 vs. 606 h; 6359 vs. 4130 km; p = 0.002, r_rb = 1.000 for both). The NT athletes spent a lower proportion of time on low-intensity training and a higher proportion on mid and high intensities than UNV athletes (p * 0.015). During high-intensity training, NT athletes maintained a higher proportion of ski-specific training, whereas UNV athletes relied more on running (skiing: 78.5% vs. 46.4%; running: 21.5% vs. 53.6%; both p < 0.001, r_rb = 1.000). The UNV group also showed a more concentrated structure during competition periods than NT athletes (COMP: 28.3% vs. 14.6%; p < 0.05). The absolute annual strength training time did not differ, but UNV athletes showed a higher strength ratio (23.3% vs. 16.8%; p < 0.001, r_rb = 1.000). Conclusion: UNV athletes exhibited a lower total volume, more low-intensity-skewed distribution, and reduced ski-specific exposure during high-intensity training compared with NT athletes. These observed structural gaps can provide empirical benchmarks that may help coaches plan stage-appropriate progression, and they illustrate the practical value of GPS- and wearable-based monitoring for identifying training divergences across developmental stages.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Variabilität bei der Bewertung durch die verschiedenen Preisrichter bei den Weltmeisterschaften im Baton-Twirling</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098784</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098784</guid>
      <author>Natsuda, T.</author>
      <author>Kurihara, Y.</author>
      <author>Etani, T.</author>
      <author>Sugisawa, T.</author>
      <author>Miura, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rhythmische Sportgymnastik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eiskunstlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Natsuda, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kurihara, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Etani, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sugisawa, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Miura, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In judged sports, such as rhythmic gymnastics, figure skating, and baton twirling, inter-judge variability in scoring—the degree to which judges differ in their scoring of the same athlete—is a common concern. This study quantitatively examined inter-judge variability using freestyle scores from the World Baton Twirling Championships held in 2018 and 2022. Data were collected from the preliminary rounds of senior and junior women's divisions, with scores assigned by seven judges. Welch's analyses of variance were performed to assess the effects of athlete ranking group (high, middle, low) on inter-judge variability across two scoring axes: technical merit (TM) and artistic expression (AE). These analyses were conducted separately for each competition year (2018 and 2022) and division (senior and junior). In the senior division in 2018, inter-judge variabilities for both TM and AE were significantly lower in the high-ranking group than in the other ranking groups. In the junior division in 2018, inter-judge variabilities for both TM and AE were significantly lower in the high-ranking group than in the low-ranking group. These findings are interpreted in terms of the interactions among the competitive structure of baton twirling and the cognitive processes involved in judging.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Belagspezifische Leistungsmuster im Herreneinzel bei den Grand-Slam-Turnieren 2025</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098785</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098785</guid>
      <author>Li, C.</author>
      <author>Huang, C.</author>
      <author>Chang, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belag</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study analyzed post match data from the men's singles events at the 2025 Australian Open, French Open, and Wimbledon Championships to examine the relationship between match outcomes and technical performance across different court surfaces. Technical variables were compared between winners and losers using paired-samples t-tests, followed by exploratory binary logistic regression to identify key performance indicators. Surface-related differences in champions` performance were examined descriptively across hard, clay, and grass courts. The results indicated that first serve points won and return points won were key predictors of match outcomes across all surfaces, with return points won showing predictive value specifically at the Australian Open and Wimbledon, and break point conversion rate being predictive at the French Open. Championship players recorded a higher number of winners at the French Open compared with the Australian Open and Wimbledon, suggesting that surface-specific bounce characteristics may facilitate more aggressive offensive play.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zeitliche Veränderungen bei der Rückgabe des Aufschlags bei den Olympischen Spielen im Tischtennis von 2012 bis 2021</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098786</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098786</guid>
      <author>Tamaki, S.</author>
      <author>Yoshida, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tischtennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tamaki, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yoshida, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study investigated temporal changes in service returns in elite table tennis by analyzing men's and women's singles matches from the 2012, 2016, and 2021 Olympic Games. Quarterfinals and subsequent matches were analyzed, focusing on service placement and service return stroke types. Chi-square tests and effect sizes were employed to assess longitudinal and sex-related differences. The results revealed significant temporal changes in women's matches, characterized by a consistent increase in backhand-based service returns, particularly backhand topspin, accompanied by a shift in service placement toward the short-forehand area. Consequently, sex differences in service return stroke types for services directed toward the backhand and middle areas diminished over time. In contrast, men's matches exhibited no consistent temporal changes in the frequency of service return stroke types. However, observed shifts in service placement suggest changes in tactical patterns that were not fully captured by usage frequency alone. Despite an overall convergence in certain aspects, marked sex differences persisted in service return stroke types for services directed to the forehand side. These findings indicate that service returns in elite table tennis evolved differently for men and women during the examined period and have practical implications for coaching and training, particularly for female players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine einheitliche Kennzahl zur Bewertung der Serverqualität im Tennis</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098787</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098787</guid>
      <author>Li, A.</author>
      <author>Balajee, A.</author>
      <author>Wieand, H.</author>
      <author>Pipping-Gamón, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balajee, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wieand, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pipping-Gamón, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Traditional tennis rating systems (e.g., Elo) summarize overall player strength but do not isolate the independent value of serving. Using point-by-point data from Wimbledon and the U.S. Open, we develop serve-specific player metrics that separate serving quality from return ability and other latent factors. For each tournament and gender, we fit logistic mixed-effects models of point outcomes using serve speed, speed variability, and placement features, with crossed server and returner random intercepts to capture unobserved player strengths. From these models we derive Server Quality Scores (SQS): partially pooled, opponent-adjusted estimates of players` serving impact. In out-of-sample evaluation, SQS aligns more strongly with serve efficiency—the probability of winning points within three shots—than weighted Elo. We further benchmark SQS against task-aligned serve-stat baselines and model ablations, quantifying the incremental value of serve features and partial pooling. Associations with overall serve win percentage are smaller and dataset-dependent, and neither SQS nor weighted Elo consistently dominates that outcome. Overall, SQS is best interpreted as a measure of serve-induced short-point advantage (serve quality plus early-point conversion), complementing holistic ratings with actionable insight for coaching, forecasting, and player evaluation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Geschick oder Zufall? Eine bayesianische Analyse von Abhängigkeiten und Heterogenität bei Elfmeterschießen im Fußball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098788</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098788</guid>
      <author>Deb, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Theorie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mathematisch-logisches Modell</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Deb, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Penalty shootouts in association football are sometimes criticized by fans and pundits as an imperfect tie-breaking procedure. In this study, we analyze through a Bayesian model if shootouts are governed more by skill or by chance. Using a representative dataset from twelve recent European seasons, we fit a hierarchical logistic model with appropriate random effects and a within-shootout latent autoregressive state to capture evolving pressure. The model is implemented through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo approach. Our proposed framework allows us to quantify the amount of skill involved in shootouts by the proportion of logit-scale variance attributable to persistent heterogeneity versus idiosyncratic and state noise. We also compare the full specification to nested alternatives via PSIS-LOO, stacking, and decision-oriented scores computed from leave-one-shootout-out predictive distributions. Empirically, persistent individual effects are found to be small: the posterior SkillShare is near zero in the full model, suggesting that shootouts are primarily chance dominated. As a by-product of our approach, we show how the proposed model can also be utilized to rank the shooters as well as to optimize penalty-taking orders. We also discuss a few alternative tie-breaking procedures as future recommendations which can be evaluated in a similar modeling framework.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Vier Faktoren als Schlüsselindikatoren für den Spielausgang bei der U19-Frauen-Weltmeisterschaft und der Frauen-EuroBasket 2025</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098878</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098878</guid>
      <author>Tománek, L.</author>
      <author>Suja, Š.</author>
      <author>Di Michele, R.</author>
      <author>Li, F.</author>
      <author>Vencúrik, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>2025</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tománek, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Suja, Š.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Di Michele, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vencúrik, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Among the most influential statistical metrics in basketball is Oliver`s Four Factors model, which includes effective field goal percentage (eFG%), turnover percentage (TOV%), offensive rebound percentage (ORB%), and free-throw rate (FTR). Although widely used in men`s basketball, its application in women`s competitions, particularly at youth levels, remains limited. This study examined the predictive value of Oliver`s Four Factors (eFG%, TOV%, ORB%, FTR) for game outcomes in women`s basketball at the FIBA U19 Women`s Basketball World Cup 2025 (WCU19w 2025) and Women`s EuroBasket 2025 (EBw 2025).

Methods
A total of 85 games (170 team performances) were analysed across both tournaments. Game-related statistics were extracted from official FIBA sources and used to compute the Four Factors. Differences between winning and defeated teams were assessed, and binary logistic regression was applied to identify key predictors.

Results
Winning teams at the WCU19w 2025 showed higher eFG%, ORB%, and lower TOV% (p < .05), with eFG% and ORB% identified as significant predictors. At the EBw 2025, significant differences were found in eFG%, TOV%, and FTR (p < .05), with eFG% as the strongest predictor, followed by TOV% and FTR.

Conclusions
Overall, eFG% was the most consistent determinant of success across both competitions. However, performance indicators varied by category: offensive rebounding was more relevant in U19, while free-throw rate and turnover control were more important in senior teams. These findings support the applicability of the Four Factors model in women`s basketball and highlight the need to adjust performance priorities according to competitive level.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Wahrnehmung der Zeit im Biathlon im Fokus: Untersuchung physiologischer und wahrnehmungsbezogener Reaktionen auf Zeitdruck</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098879</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098879</guid>
      <author>Davis, P. A.</author>
      <author>Åström, E.</author>
      <author>McGawley, K.</author>
      <author>Arnqvist, N. P.</author>
      <author>Kårström, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>RPE</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Druck</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Davis, P. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Åström, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McGawley, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arnqvist, N. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kårström, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Performing under time pressure is critical, yet limited research has examined how psychophysiological and affective factors influence temporal estimation in sport competition. This study investigated the influence of psychophysiological exertion, fatigue, and affect on time perception during a simulated biathlon competition. Thirty-two biathletes (14 men, 18 women; age M = 21.3, SD = 3.9 y) completed five laps of roller-skiing separated by four shooting rounds (prone-standing-prone-standing). Prospective Time Production (PTP) and Prospective Verbal Estimation (PVE) were assessed alongside heart rate, perceived exertion, fatigue, and affective valence. Participants produced shorter intervals than the PTP target duration (29 s) post-competition (p < .001, d = 0.85), indicating time was perceived to pass faster relative to chronometric time under cumulative psychophysiological load. PVE accuracy differed by shooting position (p < .001, ?2 = .22), with time in prone perceived shorter than standing. Within-participant analyses showed higher heart rate, exertion, fatigue, and negative affect predicted greater temporal distortions during roller-skiing and shooting. These findings indicate that time perception in biathlon is dynamically shaped by interactions between physiological strain, affect, and task-specific attentional demands. Applied implications highlight integrating time perception calibration and affect regulation into pressure-training to improve pacing, shooting rhythm, and performance consistency.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Datenanalyse im Shorttrack-Eisschnelllauf</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098880</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098880</guid>
      <author>Imre, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Shorttrack</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Datenerfassung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsdiagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Datenanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Imre, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Data analysis in short track speed skating has become a crucial tool for improving athlete performance, optimizing training strategies, and enhancing competitive outcomes. This study explores the application of data-driven techniques in short-track speed skating, focusing on performance metrics including lap times, split times, acceleration, and biomechanical efficiency. By leveraging sensors, motion capture systems, and wearable technology, coaches and analysts can collect real-time data on skaters' movements, allowing for detailed analysis of stroke mechanics, glide phases, and cornering techniques. The integration of this data into performance modeling helps identify strengths and weaknesses, fine-tune race strategies, and predict potential outcomes under specific conditions. Additionally, machine learning algorithms are increasingly being employed to predict injury risk and optimize training regimens. This paper discusses methods of data collection and analysis, and the practical applications of the insights gained, highlighting the potential to improve both individual and team performance in short-track speed skating. Ultimately, data analysis in this domain offers a significant competitive edge, driving the evolution of techniques and advancing sport to new levels of precision and excellence.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Untersuchungen zur Kinematik und zur aktiven Störungsunterdrückung mit fraktionaler Ordnung bei einem Skating-Trainingsroboter</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098881</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098881</guid>
      <author>Wang, B.</author>
      <author>Zhao, X.</author>
      <author>Gong, Y.</author>
      <author>Sun, L.</author>
      <author>Yang, Z.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eisschnelllauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hilfsgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Roboter</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Speed skating training imposes rigorous requirements on movement accuracy and dynamic stability. Traditional training relies heavily on coaches' subjective experience; exoskeleton robots suffer from limitations of large additional inertia and insufficient flexibility. Although cable-driven robots possess the advantage of flexible transmission, existing control methods fail to meet the demand for high-precision trajectory tracking. To address this issue, this study conducted systematic research: a cable-driven robotic mechanism adapted for skating training was designed, and a geometric model of fixed-mobile coordinate systems was established, with the Newton-Raphson iterative method employed to solve forward and inverse kinematic equations. An improved fractional-order active disturbance rejection control (FOADRC) strategy was proposed, which removes the tracking differentiator of traditional ADRC and integrates a fractional-order extended state observer (FOESO) with a fractional-order PD control law, thereby enhancing dynamic response and anti-disturbance capability. Human skating movement data were collected using the NOKOV infrared motion capture system, and reference trajectories were generated via fitting with eighth-order Fourier series. Comparative simulations with traditional PID control were performed. The results demonstrate that the motor angle tracking error under the FOADRC strategy is significantly reduced, with improved control precision. This study provides a practical solution for precise skating training and offers reference value for the development of intelligent auxiliary equipment in competitive sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Einfluss kardiorespiratorischer und erfahrungsbezogener Parameter auf die Schießleistung im Biathlon - eine positionsspezifische Analyse unter Ruhebedingungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098882</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098882</guid>
      <author>Scheiba, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Master-Arbeit</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Atmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreislauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfahrung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parameter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Genauigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Master-Arbeit</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Scheiba, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In der Sportart Biathlon wird die Trefferleistung durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel technischer, biomechanischer und physiologischer Faktoren beeinflusst. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Beitrag kardiorespiratorischer Parameter, der Schießposition sowie der Trainingserfahrung mit dem Kleinkalibergewehr zur Erklärung der Trefferleistung im Biathlon unter Ruhebedingungen zu untersuchen sowie positionsbezogene Unterschiede in den kardiorespiratorischen Parametern zu analysieren. In die finale
Analyse gingen 19 Biathlet:innen (760 Schüsse) ein. Die Trefferleistung wurde über die Ringzahl pro Schuss erfasst, das relative Atemvolumen, die relative Atemphase sowie die relative Herzzyklusphase wurden aus den mithilfe eines Hexoskin-Shirts erhobenen physiologischen Rohdaten berechnet. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels bivariater Korrelationsanalysen, positionsbezogener Vergleichsanalysen und linearer Mixed-Effects-Modelle. Die Trefferleistung war im Liegendschießen im Mittel höher als im Stehendschießen (8.87 vs. 5.51 Ringe). Das lineare Mixed-Effects-Modell zeigte einen signifikanten Effekt der Schießposition auf die Trefferleistung (p < .001), jedoch keinen signifikanten Effekt der Trainingserfahrung (p = .80). Der Zusammenhang zwischen Trainingserfahrung und Trefferleistung unterschied sich jedoch signifikant zwischen den Schießpositionen (p = .001), und war im Stehendschießen stärker positiv ausgeprägt. Über alle Schüsse hinweg zeigten sich signifikante Zusammenhänge der Trefferleistung mit dem relativen Atemvolumen (p < .001) und der relativen Atemphase (p < .001), nicht jedoch mit der relativen Herzzyklusphase (p = .68). Es ergaben sich keine signifikanten positionsspezifischen Zusammenhänge. Das relative Atemvolumen unterschied sich signifikant zwischen Liegend- und Stehendschießen (63.67 % vs. 52.26 %, p < .001), ebenso die Varianz zwischen den Schießpositionen (p < .001). Für die relative Atemphase zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied der zirkulären Mittelwerte (p = .88), jedoch ein signifikanter Verteilungsunterschied (p = .001). Für die relative Herzzyklusphase ergaben sich weder ein Unterschied der zirkulären Mittelwerte (p = .72) noch der Verteilung (p = 1). Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die Trefferleistung unter Ruhebedingungen vor allem positions- und erfahrungsbezogen geprägt ist, während kardiorespiratorische Parameter ergänzende, jedoch nicht isoliert leistungsbestimmende Informationen liefern.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Vergleich von Erholungsmethoden und deren Zusammenhang mit Schlaf und Leistungsfähigkeit bei Biathleten während eines Trainingslagers</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098883</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098883</guid>
      <author>Nokáková, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Bachelor-Arbeit</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingslager</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Bachelor-Arbeit</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nokáková, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This bachelor`s thesis compares recovery methods and their relationship to sleep and subjective wellness indicators in biathletes during a four-day training camp. The aim is to identify strategies that participants perceive as most effective under high training loads. The research involved ten biathletes. The methodology includes qualitative interviews and the analysis of data from sleep questionnaires with wellness indicators. The findings reveal differences in recovery preferences and emphasize the importance of individualized approaches to regeneration and sleep in preventing fatigue, protecting cognitive functions, and maintaining optimal performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Arterielle Steifigkeit bei männlichen Judo-Hochschulsportlern nach schnellem Gewichtsverlust und der Einfluss des Flüssigkeitsstatus: Eine Beobachtungsstudie mit wiederholten Messungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098884</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098884</guid>
      <author>Koshiba, H.</author>
      <author>Maeshima, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hydration</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Flüssigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Regulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Arterie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>bioelektrische Impedanz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Koshiba, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maeshima, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Judo athletes often lose weight before competitions for a competitive edge, despite health risks like immune function and metabolic issues. However, the effect of weight loss on cardiovascular function, especially arterial stiffness, is still not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of acute weight loss on arterial stiffness in male collegiate judo athletes.

Methods: Twenty-one male collegiate judo athletes underwent weight loss in preparation for an official weigh-in prior to competition. Body composition, impedance parameters (20-kHz and 100-kHz impedance indices, Z ratio) as indicators of hydration status, pulse rate, blood pressure, and vascular function parameters (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) were assessed before weight loss (baseline) and on the day before competition (weigh-in day).

Results: During the weight-loss period, body weight and body mass index significantly decreased (P < .001, respectively). The 20 kHZ and 100 kHz impedance indices significantly decreased, while the Z ratio significantly increased (P < .001), indicating reduced hydration. Pulse rate significantly increased, whereas systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed no significant changes. Conversely, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity significantly increased during the weight-loss period. Regression analysis revealed significant associations between the rate of increase in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the rate of decrease in the 20 kHz and 100 kHz impedance indices, as well as the increase in Z ratio (B = -0.974, P < .001; B = -1.053, P < .001; B = 6.424, P = .017, respectively).

Conclusion: Rapid weight loss in judo athletes, characterized by decreased hydration, acutely increases arterial stiffness, highlighting the need for safer weight management to reduce cardiovascular risk.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Verteilung der Trainingsintensität, Belastungsmanagement und Leistung bei Freizeit-Langstreckenläufern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098885</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098885</guid>
      <author>Bonato, M.</author>
      <author>Villacaro, D.</author>
      <author>Faelli, E. L.</author>
      <author>Panascì, M.</author>
      <author>Marmondi, F.</author>
      <author>La Torre, A.</author>
      <author>Filipas, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Langstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Freizeitsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>internal load</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bonato, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Villacaro, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Faelli, E. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Panascì, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Marmondi, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>La Torre, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Filipas, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Recreational runners represent a growing population in endurance sports, yet limited data are available on their training characteristics and how these relate to performance. This study aimed to describe the training intensity distribution, internal training load, and their associations with performance outcomes in recreational runners preparing for a marathon or half-marathon.

Methods: A total of 48 recreational runners (22 marathoners, 26 half-marathoners) were monitored over a 12-week training period prior to their respective races. Training sessions were recorded using GPS and heart rate monitors, and volumes were categorized into 3 intensity zones (Z1, Z2, Z3). Internal load was calculated using individualized training impulse (Edwards` training impulse [eTRIMP]). Weekly training load, session average load, and time-normalized internal load (eTRIMP per minute [eTRIMP/min]) were computed. Pearson correlations were used to assess relationships with performance.

Results: Both groups adopted a pyramidal training intensity distribution. When considering the full sample, most training was performed in Z1 (69.1% [8.5%]), followed by Z2 (17.3% [5.2%]) and Z3 (13.6% [5.3%]). No significant differences were observed between marathon and half-marathon groups in weekly eTRIMP (911 [210] a.u.) or session load. Among marathoners, performance was significantly correlated with Z2 volume (r = -.6), Z2 percentage (r = -.5), and eTRIMP/min (r = -.6). Similar associations were found in half-marathoners (Z2 volume: r = -.5; eTRIMP/min: r = -.5).

Conclusions: Recreational runners tend to follow a pyramidal training intensity distribution irrespective of race distance. Moderate-intensity training and higher time-normalized internal load are key factors associated with endurance performance, offering practical insights for structuring training plans.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Kann ein einfacher trapezförmiger Integrationsansatz die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Schwimmers im Bereich oberhalb der kritischen Geschwindigkeit genau abschätzen?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098888</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098888</guid>
      <author>Bulte, K. R.</author>
      <author>Mitchell, L. L. G.</author>
      <author>Siegel, R.</author>
      <author>Hunter, A.</author>
      <author>Brooks, E. R.</author>
      <author>Saunders, P. U.</author>
      <author>Hoffmann, S. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mathematik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Berechnung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Untersuchungsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>kritische Geschwindigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bulte, K. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mitchell, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Siegel, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hunter, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brooks, E. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Saunders, P. U.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hoffmann, S. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The 12 × 25-m swim test has become a key physiological monitoring and profiling tool within swimming networks to capture various performance insights (peak velocity, critical speed [CS], supra-CS distance capacity [D'], and anaerobic speed reserve) within one testing occasion. The D' output following the 12 × 25-m swim test is currently derived using software that requires specialised expertise, therefore inhibiting the accessibility of the test to pathways` level coaches and athletes. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine if trapezoidal integration (TI) could simply and accurately replace the model fit method to estimate D' following the 12 × 25-m swim test and improve the accessibility of the test for a wider cohort of practitioners. Methods: Thirty-one national-level swimmers preparing for the Paris 2024 Olympic Trials consented for their 12 × 25-m data set to be retrieved. D' was calculated using both the model fit and TI approaches. Linear regression and pearson correlations examined the strength of the relationship and a paired t test and Bland-Altman plot determined the agreement between the 2 methodologies. Results: A very strong, positive relationship was found between the model fit and TI D' calculations (r = .999, R2 = .999, P < .001), with a very small, nonsignificant difference of 0.040 m (d = 0.124, P = .495). Conclusions: TI is a valid replacement for the original model fit approach to estimate D' following the 12 × 25-m swim test. The swim test will no longer require specialised software and the accessibility of the test will increase to a wider cohort of swimming practitioners.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Wasserstoffreiches Wasser als leistungssteigerndes Mittel bei Flossenschwimmern auf nationaler Ebene: Eine randomisierte, doppelblinde, placebokontrollierte Crossover-Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098889</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098889</guid>
      <author>Sládecková, B.</author>
      <author>Krejcí, J.</author>
      <author>McKune, A.</author>
      <author>Pyne, D. B.</author>
      <author>Bajgar, R.</author>
      <author>Botek, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Flossenschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wasser</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sládecková, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Krejcí, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McKune, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pyne, D. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bajgar, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Botek, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: We investigated whether a 4-day intake of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) improves finswimming performance and alters physiological and perceptual markers including blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and oxidative stress.

Methods: Eight females and 4 males, age 21 (5) and 19 (1) years, maximal oxygen consumption 45.0 (2.5) and 52.2 (1.7) mL·kg-1·min-1, performed 3 sets of 4 reps of 50-m surface finswimming sprints in a morning session, and a 400-m surface time trial in the afternoon on the same day. Participants consumed either HRW (hydrogen concentration 0.9 ppm) or placebo, starting 3 days prior to the experimental sessions. Intake was 1260 mL per day for 3 days, and 1680 mL on the day before the 400-m time trial. After each 4 × 50-m set and 400-m trial, blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated by plasma protein carbonyls at scheduled time points. After a 1-week washout period, the experiment was repeated with participants receiving the alternate intervention. Clinical trials registration: NCT05799911.

Results: HRW did not significantly improve morning 50-m sprint times (0.5%, P = .12) but afternoon 400-m time trial was improved by 0.6% (P = .003). The differences between HRW and placebo administration on blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and protein carbonyls were not significant (all P = .12).

Conclusions: Short-term HRW supplementation provides a modest yet meaningful performance improvement of 0.6% in middle-distance (400-m surface) finswimming. However, its effects on repeated sprint performance, blood lactate, perceived exertion, and oxidative stress appear limited.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Praktiken und Vorstellungen zur Quantifizierung der Belastung beim Krafttraining</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098890</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098890</guid>
      <author>Moriarty, B.</author>
      <author>Watts, D.</author>
      <author>Gastin, P.</author>
      <author>Weakley, J.</author>
      <author>Huyhn, M.</author>
      <author>James, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>RPE</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Quantität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parameter</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Quantifizierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Moriarty, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Watts, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gastin, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Weakley, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Huyhn, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>James, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how practitioners currently quantify resistance training (RT), evaluate the perceived effectiveness of popular quantification methods, and identify barriers to quantifying RT load.

Methods: One hundred and fourteen practitioners (n = 114) who prescribe RT completed an international cross-sectional online survey between November 2023 and April 2024. The survey contained 41 questions, including open-ended, multiple-choice, and Likert-scale items. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative responses.

Results: Absolute volume load (82.5%) and session rating of perceived exertion load (77.2%) were the most common, whereas more complex methods like total work (12.3%) and system mass volume load (7.9%) were less commonly used. The most important variables identified by the practitioners were training frequency (75%), working sets (72%), and load (72%). Perceived efficacy of quantification methods was similar across experience groups; however, practitioners` perceptions of maximum dynamic strength volume load was significantly different, with a small to moderate effect. Practitioners with more than 10 years of experience rated relative volume load (75%) and session rating of perceived exertion load (73%) the highest, whereas those with less experience preferred absolute volume load (76%) and session rating of perceived exertion load (76%). The main barriers to RT quantification were measurement/methodological problems (50.5%), athlete-related difficulties (26.3%), and logistical/practical limitations (23.2%). Time constraints (46.7%) were the most common reason against monitoring RT, whereas tracking adaptation/progression (41.1%) and informing periodization/planning (24.7%) were the main reasons for doing so.

Conclusions: The methods used to quantify RT load varied widely, with a clear preference for practical approaches. These findings highlight the need for improved education and standardized, practitioner-friendly methods to bridge the research-practice gap.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Laufleistung an der Laktatschwelle und am Laktat-Wendepunkt wird durch die Steigung des Laufbands nicht beeinflusst</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098891</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098891</guid>
      <author>Adejuwon, D. C.</author>
      <author>Faricier, R.</author>
      <author>Keir, D. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ergometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Laktat</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Steigung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Laufband</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Laktatschwelle</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Adejuwon, D. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Faricier, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Keir, D. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: This study investigated the effect of treadmill incline on wearable-derived running power output (rPO) at the lactate threshold (LT) and lactate turnpoint (LTP).

Methods: Thirteen trained runners (5 females; 23 [5] y) completed 3 rPO-matched, step-incremental treadmill tests to exhaustion at fixed inclines of 0%, 5%, and 10%. Running speed was adjusted to maintain consistent rPO across conditions using standardized calculations. During each test, breath-by-breath oxygen uptake (VO2) and rPO (via Stryd power meter) were continuously measured. Blood lactate concentration was measured during the final 30 seconds of each 3-minute stage. The LT and LTP were identified from the blood lactate concentration versus rPO using 3-segment and modified-poly-Dmax fitting models, respectively. A repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed between-condition differences in LT and LTP (P < .05).

Results: The VO2-rPO relationship was not different across incline conditions (P = .147). The rPO at LT did not differ between inclines (P = .454): 259 (49) W, 252 (43) W, and 249 (56) W for 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, nor did rPO at LTP (P = .604): 309 (58) W, 316 (59) W, and 312 (60) W for 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. The VO2 at LT (P = .727) and LTP (P = .470) also showed no significant differences across conditions.

Conclusion: The rPO at LT and LTP in highly trained runners are consistent across treadmill inclines between 0% and 10%. These findings support the use of rPO as a metric for monitoring exercise intensity across different gradient conditions in both training and performance settings.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Altersspezifische Unterschiede bei der Ballgeschwindigkeit und der Spinrate bei jugendlichen Baseballspielern: Eine Querschnittsstudie unter Verwendung eines tragbaren Tracking-Geräts</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098892</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098892</guid>
      <author>Ueda, A.</author>
      <author>Takayama, Y.</author>
      <author>Takada, N.</author>
      <author>Ohmi, T.</author>
      <author>Shinkuma, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Baseball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Anthropometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Alter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ueda, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Takayama, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Takada, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ohmi, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shinkuma, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: To describe school-level differences in ball velocity and spin rate in youth baseball players assessed with a portable tracking device and to examine cross-sectional associations with body size.

Methods: A total of 438 players were grouped as elementary (n = 29), junior high (n = 154), or senior high (n = 255). Each performed 5 maximal-effort throws, and ball velocity (in kilometers per hour) and spin rate (in revolutions per minute) were measured with Rapsodo (mean of 5 trials). Testing differed by level (elementary: rubber ball, 16 m; junior/senior high: hardball, 18.44 m). Groups were compared using 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc pairwise comparisons. Pearson correlations assessed associations between anthropometrics (height, body mass) and performance within each group.

Results: Ball velocity and spin rate differed across levels (P < .001). For ball velocity, correlations with height were r = .688 (elementary), .763 (junior high), and .124 (senior high), and correlations with body mass were r = .391, .690, and .218, respectively. For spin rate, correlations with height were r = -.383, .541, and .106, and correlations with body mass were r = -.332, .446, and .087, respectively. The velocity-spin correlation differed by level, showing a negative association in the elementary group (r = -.524) but strong positive associations in the junior high (r = .776) and senior high (r = .712) groups.

Conclusions: Under these field-based testing conditions, ball velocity and spin rate were higher in older school-level groups, and cross-sectional association patterns differed by level; longitudinal studies under standardized constraints are needed to characterize within-player changes over time.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Das große Ganze verstehen: Vom vielversprechenden Nachwuchssportler zum Olympiasieger</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098893</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098893</guid>
      <author>Sandbakk, Ø.</author>
      <author>Walther, J.</author>
      <author>Sandbakk, S. B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>langfristiger Leistungsaufbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Theorie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Karriereverlauf</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sandbakk, Ø.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Walther, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sandbakk, S. B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Sports science has made great progress in describing what today`s elite athletes do and which physiological capacities they possess at the top level. For example, we know that Olympic endurance champions often log hundreds of training hours annually with a smart mix of high- and low-intensity work, and they exhibit exceptional aerobic power, efficiency, and sport-specific strength. These attributes are well documented in cross-sectional studies of world-class performers. However, understanding how an athlete develops those capacities over time is an entirely different challenge—one that remains poorly understood scientifically. In other words, we can describe the end product (the elite training regimes and capacities), but we know far less about the process and development pathway that produces that result.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kombinierte Auswirkungen von Einatmungs- und Rumpfmuskeltraining auf die Funktion der Atem- und Rumpfmuskulatur, die Sauerstoffversorgung der Gliedmaßenmuskulatur und die Schwimmleistung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098894</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098894</guid>
      <author>Pratama, A. B.</author>
      <author>Chidnok, W.</author>
      <author>Yimlamai, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rumpf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Atmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraulschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pratama, A. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chidnok, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yimlamai, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined the effects of core training (CMT), inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and their combination (CIT) on strength and endurance of respiratory and core muscles, muscle oxygenation and swimming performance. Twenty-five competitive male swimmers, aged 15-20 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CMT (n = 9), who performed core exercises; IMT (n = 8), who underwent inspiratory threshold-load training at 60-80% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP); or CIT (n = 8), who performed both, three times per week for 6 weeks in addition to their swimming training. MIP and inspiratory muscle endurance (IME), core strength and endurance, intercostals (IC) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle oxygenation, and swimming performance were measured before and after intervention. Whilst CIT and IMT significantly improved MIP and IME, core strength and endurance were increased after CIT and CMT. Interestingly, only CIT showed a greater improvement in swim time (-4.74%, P < 0.001) compared to CMT and concomitantly increased VL, but not IC muscle deoxygenation post-swim. These findings suggest that supplementing 6 weeks of CIT to usual swimming training produced greater improvement in swimming performance compared to CMT, but not IMT, partly through improving oxygen extraction in locomotor muscles in young swimmers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkungen eines sportspezifischen Virtual-Reality-Trainings für Fußballspieler auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit und die damit verbundenen Gehirnprozesse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098895</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098895</guid>
      <author>Casella, A.</author>
      <author>Panacci, C.</author>
      <author>Filosa, M.</author>
      <author>Aydin, M.</author>
      <author>Boccacci, L.</author>
      <author>Di Russo, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gehirn</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>virtuelle Realität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Casella, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Panacci, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Filosa, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aydin, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boccacci, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Di Russo, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sport-specific training in virtual reality (VR) on perceptual and cognitive abilities and their neurophysiological correlates in young soccer players. Twenty-four young semi-elite soccer athletes were assigned to an experimental (Exp) or control (Ctr) group. Participants` cognitive functions were tested before and after an 8-week standard soccer training using a visuomotor cognitive task during electrophysiological (EEG) recordings. The Exp group in the last 30 minutes of each training session performed the VR training aimed at improving processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. While the cognitive task allowed to measure response speed and accuracy, the EEG permitted to measure the event-related potential (ERP) evoked by the cognitive task. Results showed that both response speed and accuracy were improved in the Exp group only, and this effect could be explained by increased sensorimotor integration in prefrontal areas indexed by the prefrontal P1 (pP1) component and increased post-perceptual cognitive processing as decision-making in parietal areas indexed by the P3 component. These results support the effectiveness of VR in enhancing cognitive functions, highlighting the technology`s potential for innovative training for soccer.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Klassifizierung der Bewegungsabläufe von College-Fußballerinnen mithilfe von Trägheitsmesssystemen</title>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2024 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098779</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098779</guid>
      <author>Masui, Y.</author>
      <author>Hirotsu, N.</author>
      <author>Shimasaki, Y.</author>
      <author>Yoshimura, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Collegesystem</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Masui, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hirotsu, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shimasaki, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yoshimura, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to classify the movements of female soccer players during matches using raw data measured by inertial measurement units (IMUs). Twelve collegiate female soccer players were equipped with IMUs (100 Hz), and raw triaxial acceleration data from eight official matches were analyzed. The measurement data were separated every 3 s, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed. After FFT, the Euclidean distances between the data when the players were in the stationary state and other states were calculated to classify the movements of the players using the k-means method. The data of the clustering numbers classified as the stationary state were eliminated after analyzing the movements of players by video filming the matches. After classification, the average Euclidean distances between the stationary state and other movements were calculated. Consequently, the results showed that the upward and downward directions of the raw data affected the classification. Using the methods of this study, it was also shown that the distribution of Euclidean distances differed from player to player. Our findings indicate that the method used in this study can be used to classify and characterize the movements of female collegiate soccer players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Inter- und Intra-Sitzungs-Reliabilität und Validität des "Performanz JumpR"-Geräts zur Messung verschiedener Sprungleistungen bei jungen männlichen Fußballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098780</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098780</guid>
      <author>Secer, E.</author>
      <author>Y*ld*z, M.</author>
      <author>Ates, N.</author>
      <author>Kaya, D. O.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gütekriterien</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Secer, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Y*ld*z, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ates, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kaya, D. O.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to determine the inter- and intra-session reliability and validity of the Performanz JumpR device for measuring different jump performances in young male soccer players. Fifty-four young male soccer players (mean age: 15.90 ± 0.70) completed three maximal squat jumps (SJ), countermovement jumps (CJ), and 40 cm drop jumps (DJ) over two separate days. These jumps were assessed using both a contact mat and the Performanz JumpR device. The different jump performances were compared using several statistical methods, including the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 2.1), Bland-Altman plots, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient ( r ), Cronbach`s alpha (*), and the coefficient of variation (CV). Results showed almost perfect agreement between the Performanz JumpR device and the contact mat for SJ, CJ, and 40 cm DJ values, with jump heights and peak powers yielding ICC values between 0.98 and 0.99 during both assessment sessions. Additionally, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient showed an almost perfect correlation between the measurements from the Performanz JumpR device and the contact mat for SJ, CJ, and 40 cm DJ values, with r values ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 during the first and second assessment sessions. The Performanz JumpR device demonstrated very good intra-session reliability for the three jumps in each set, with the following results: SJ (jump height, * = 0.98, CV = 2.02; peak power, * = 0.99, CV = 1.35), CJ (jump height, * = 0.98, CV = 2.20; peak power, * = 0.99, CV = 1.46), and 40 cm DJ (jump height, * = 0.97, CV = 2.61; peak power, * = 0.99, CV = 1.79). When analyzing the inter-session reliability of the Performanz JumpR device and contact mat across all players, almost identical correlations were observed between the two instruments for SJ, CJ, and 40 cm DJ regarding jump heights and peak powers ( r = 0.96-0.99) between the first and second assessment sessions. Additionally, the Bland-Altman plots demonstrated an almost agreement, with a systematic bias identified between the Performanz JumpR device and the contact mat for SJ, DJ, and 40 cm DJ values ( p < 0.01). Overall, the Performanz JumpR device provided reliable inter-session and intra-session data, as well as valid measurements for maximal jump height and peak power during SJ, CJ, and 40 cm DJ in young male soccer players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Rundenstabilität, Schwimmzugkinematik und Wendequalität bei den 200-m-Kurzbahn-Finals der Frauen bei den LEN-Europameisterschaften 2019</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098781</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098781</guid>
      <author>Oliveira, J. P.</author>
      <author>Marinho, D. A.</author>
      <author>Sampaio, T.</author>
      <author>Barbosa, T. M.</author>
      <author>Silva, A. J.</author>
      <author>Arellano, R.</author>
      <author>Morais, J. E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Europameisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schmetterlingsschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rückenschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Oliveira, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Marinho, D. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sampaio, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Barbosa, T. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Silva, A. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arellano, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morais, J. E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to analyse lap performance stability, stroke kinematic variables in the clean swimming phase and turn performance in the finals of the four 200 m short course (SCM) events (freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly). The sample included thirty-two elite female swimmers who competed in the 200 m finals at the 2019 LEN European Short Course Championships in Glasgow. Lap times, stroke kinematics, and turns were analysed using two approaches: (i) official lap time comparison (50 m), and; (ii) comparison of consecutive segments (25 m). Based on the official lap time comparison, performance significantly decreased over time (p < 0.001) with strong effect sizes in all strokes (* 2 between 0.89 and 0.96). Pairwise comparisons between consecutive 25 m segments were not significant. Turn time increased in all four strokes with strong effect sizes (p < 0.001; * 2 between 0.71 and 0.84). The start contributed *6% and turns *52% of the total race time. These findings highlight that traditional pacing analysis based on official splits may lead to misleading interpretations of performance in SCM events. Analysing 25 m segments provides a more accurate representation of race dynamics and contributes to a clearer understanding of pacing stability in short-course swimming.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Automatische Erkennung taktischer Spielsituationen im Fußball auf der Grundlage der Spieler- und Ballposition</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098782</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098782</guid>
      <author>Rothe, F.</author>
      <author>Van Roy, M.</author>
      <author>Pinheiro, G.</author>
      <author>Davis, J.</author>
      <author>Lames, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Automatisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rothe, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Van Roy, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pinheiro, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Davis, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lames, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Implementing state-transition models in team sports such as football (soccer), can be complex and time-consuming if observational methods need to be used. To help alleviate this, the aims of this study are two-fold. First, based on existing phases of play models, we introduce a hand-crafted expert state system that combines in- and out-of-possession phases of play to form a set of comprehensive tactical states. Second, we introduce a machine learning approach for automatically detecting the introduced tactical states based on positional data. This is implemented by capturing positional configurations of the players and the corresponding ball location. By clustering the player configurations for each ball zone and learning a "translation table" between the identified clusters and the expert state system, using three training games, the framework can be used to automatically detect states from the positional data of new games. The performance of our framework is evaluated by comparing the automatically detected states to the state label assigned by a human annotator using twelve test games from the 2021/2022 Bundesliga season. This showed good agreement, with F1-scores greater than 0.9 for most states. Hence, our framework may provide a method for time-efficient and comprehensive match analysis in football performance analysis.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spielen Auszeiten eine Rolle? Eine Studie zum Euroleague-Basketball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098783</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098783</guid>
      <author>Carta, G.</author>
      <author>Favero, C.</author>
      <author>Maver, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Auszeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Carta, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Favero, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maver, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This paper evaluates the effectiveness of timeouts in the EuroLeague using Play-by-Play data to estimate short-run within-game effects and Box-Score data to assess season-level outcomes over the 2021-22 to 2023-24 regular seasons. Within games, timeout effectiveness is identified using an event-study framework comparing team performance in fixed possession windows immediately before and after each timeout, complemented by a difference-in-differences strategy exploiting situations in which teams are unable to call additional timeouts. Performance is measured by the point differential (points scored minus points conceded) over these windows. Under the identifying assumption that pre-timeout trends are comparable across treated and control situations, timeouts are associated with a statistically significant short-run improvement: the average point differential increases from -3.74 before a timeout to -1.20 afterward. Although economically meaningful in reducing opponent scoring runs by approximately 2.5 points on average, the post-timeout differential remains negative, indicating that timeouts primarily stabilize performance rather than reverse game momentum. To assess whether these short-run effects translate into sustained success, we extend the standard Four-Factor Model of Wins with a fifth factor capturing team-level timeout effectiveness. This additional factor provides no incremental explanatory power. From a coaching perspective, timeouts appear to function as short-term damage-control devices but do not systematically affect season-long competitive outcomes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Neue Sportarten &amp; Events im olympischen Programm</title>
      <description><![CDATA[https://cover.sponet.de/SPONET5-00005748.JPG]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098916</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098916</guid>
      <author>Tomasi, A.</author>
      <author>Crumbach, A.</author>
      <author>Henschel, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Infografik</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Infografik</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tomasi, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Crumbach, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Henschel, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Die Infografik gibt einen Einblick in den Wandel des olympischen Programms, beschreibt ausgewählte Programme konkurrierender Sportnationen und blickt zurück auf die Teilnahme von Team D in neuen Sportarten bei den Olympischen Spielen 2024. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>"Park the Bus" oder hohes Pressing? Einblicke in die Defensivtaktik der FIFA-Männer-Weltmeisterschaft 2022</title>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2024 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098775</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098775</guid>
      <author>Praça, G. M.</author>
      <author>Oliveira, P. H. D. A.</author>
      <author>Brandão, L. H. A.</author>
      <author>Abreu, C. D. O.</author>
      <author>Andrade, A. G. P. D.</author>
      <author>Nobari, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verteidigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Praça, G. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliveira, P. H. D. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brandão, L. H. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abreu, C. D. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Andrade, A. G. P. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nobari, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to analyze which defensive performance indicators differentiate winning and losing teams and to verify which of these variables better predict winning probabilities during the Men`s 2022 FIFA World Cup. Data from all 64 matches played during the competition were gathered from public sources. The variables comprised event-based and positional-based data. Data between winning and losing teams were compared using multivariate analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression was used to detect winning predictors. Results indicated that winning teams performed more forced turnovers ( p = 0.017) and spent less time in out-of-possession recovery ( p = 0.005) and transition ( p = 0.017). The regression analysis indicated that the forced turnovers (standardized beta = 0.446), the possession action per defensive action (standardized beta = 0.582), and the time spent in out-of-possession recovery actions (standardized beta = *0.279) significantly predict the goal difference achieved by the teams ( r = 0.499. Adjusted r 2 = 0.225). However, the model`s power prediction was low, indicating that multiple defensive strategies can lead to winning outcomes. In conclusion, adopting an aggressive defensive style, aiming at forcing turnovers and seeking to regain the ball high on the pitch, was the most successful defensive strategy observed in the competition.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Technisch-taktische Unterschiede zwischen dem Frauen- und dem Männerfußball auf Eliteebene: Ein Data-Mining-Ansatz mittels neuronaler Netzwerkanalyse, binärer logistischer Regression und Entscheidungsbaumverfahren</title>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2024 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098776</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098776</guid>
      <author>Iván-Baragaño, I.</author>
      <author>Maneiro, R.</author>
      <author>Losada, J. L.</author>
      <author>Casal, C. A.</author>
      <author>Ardá, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>neuronale Netze</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>data mining</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Iván-Baragaño, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maneiro, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Losada, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Casal, C. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ardá, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The technical*tactical performance of women`s football has improved markedly in recent years. Despite this improvement, there are still differences between men`s football and women`s football. The objectives of this study were to know the technical and tactical key performance indicators (KPIs) that differentiate elite men`s and women`s football teams as well as to determine which statistical techniques demonstrate superior classification ability and interpretability in football terms. For this purpose, 768 matches corresponding to the latest editions of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Euro and FIFA World Cup for men and women were analyzed. First, the differences at the bivariate level were analyzed using student`s t -test for independent sample ( p < 0.05) for the male and female teams. Secondly, three data mining classification algorithms were applied: (i) Artificial Neural Network (ANN), (ii) Binary Logistic Regression, and (iii) Decision Tree. Significant differences were found between men`s football and women`s football in variables related to technical elements such as lost balls (ES = 1.19), ball recoveries (ES = 1.00), and accurate passes (ES = 0.97), as well as regulatory aspects like fouls (ES = 0.59), successful tackles (ES = 0.46), and yellow cards (0.45). On the other hand, the classification models presented excellent or good predictive capability [Range AUC 0.774*0.982], with very small differences between the ANN`s and logistic regression models. This result justifies the use of simpler models as the linear regression model to understand the differences between men`s and women`s football. Moreover, the observed differences may offer insights for future efforts aimed at enhancing the performance of women`s football.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leistungsmerkmale von Schutzpolstern zum Schutz vor schweren Kopfverletzungen beim Alpinski</title>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2024 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098777</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098777</guid>
      <author>Dorsemaine, M.</author>
      <author>Masson, C.</author>
      <author>Riveill, S.</author>
      <author>Bailly, N.</author>
      <author>Arnoux, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kopf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>alpiner Skisport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sicherheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dorsemaine, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Masson, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Riveill, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bailly, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arnoux, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[To protect skiers from the collisions with obstacles (CWOs), ski areas place padding on these obstacles. Padding behavior was previously experimentally investigated for few specific head impact conditions. The goal of this study is to numerically evaluate padding ability to reduce head injury risks in multiple scenarios of CWOs. A multibody model of a skier colliding with an obstacle was associated with a padding model, calibrated based on experimental tests. Different obstacle protections (unprotected, 15-, 20-, 30-cm thick padding), skier speeds, obstacle shapes and distances were investigated to model 3692 scenarios of CWOs. Head injury risks were evaluated based on HIC 15 and maximal linear accelerations (Amax). Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to investigate the injury risks regarding the initial conditions, impact conditions and obstacle protection. These simulations resulted in high head impact speeds (30.4 ± 14.2 km/h). The padding modeled significantly reduced Amax (368 ± 275 g unprotected VS 215 ± 240 g with 15-cm thick padding) and severe injury risks ( p < 0.001). For low head impact speeds (<20 km/h), all pads were able to protect from severe injuries, whereas for moderate impact speeds (<40 km/h), the 30-cm thick padding offered better protection from severe injuries. However, even thick padding could not protect the skier model from high-speed impacts (>40 km/h). This study evaluated padding performances in various accident conditions and brought quantitative information for field evolutions regarding padding protection. These results constitute useful information to improve the padding standard and to design more efficient padding.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Positionierung für den Erfolg: Wichtige positionsbezogene Leistungsindikatoren im Spitzenfußball</title>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2024 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098778</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098778</guid>
      <author>Praça, G. M.</author>
      <author>Brandão, L. H. A.</author>
      <author>Silva, G. D. O. S.</author>
      <author>Oliveira, P. H. D. A.</author>
      <author>Costa, V. T. D.</author>
      <author>Pinheiro, G. S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verteidigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Praça, G. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brandão, L. H. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Silva, G. D. O. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliveira, P. H. D. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Costa, V. T. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pinheiro, G. S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to compare position-based variables between winning, losing, and drawing teams and to identify which among these variables would better predict the goal difference in the 2021-2022 German Bundesliga. The dataset comprised 275 official games, monitored through a semi-automatic camera system. For each game, players` and ball`s positions were captured and exported in 10 Hz. Position-based variables comprised teams` length, width, length per width ratio (LPWratio), stretching index, and near-the-ball space control in both offensive and defensive phases, as well as in the first and the second halves. Data were compared between the game outcomes using a Generalized Linear Model. Results indicated that winning teams in the Bundesliga tend to approach the first half of the game by expanding the field during the offensive phase (evidenced by a higher offensive width and stretching index), pressing high during the defensive phase (manifested through a greater defensive length), and exerting control over the space in the second half by concentrating players near the ball (indicated by higher near-the-ball space control). Differences between halves indicate that teams must be able to adapt their tactics during the game to succeed in the competition.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung der täglichen Dynamik der posturalen Kontrolle bei Badmintonspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098868</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098868</guid>
      <author>Nazarenko, A.</author>
      <author>Mavliev, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kontrolle</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Haltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stabilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gleichgewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nazarenko, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mavliev, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to evaluate the daily dynamics of postural control in badminton athletes.

Methods and structure of the study. 16 badminton athletes aged 18 to 22 years old, with a level of sportsmanship ranging from candidate for Master of Sports to Master of Sports of the Russian Federation, were examined. Postural stability was assessed in athletes using a biofeedback stability platform in the morning (07:00-08:00), afternoon (12:00-13:00) and evening (18:00-19:00) on a day of complete rest. 

Results and conclusions. Postural control in athletes demonstrates high individual stability throughout the day. The key factor that significantly affects the quality of the balance function is the presence of visual afferentation. The daily dynamics is most pronounced for the lateral displacement of the pressure center: the morning trend of a shift to the right is replaced by a shift to the left in the afternoon and evens out by the evening. Proprioceptive-vestibular mechanisms work in concert during the day (especially in the absence of vision), while the role of visual control increases during the daytime and evening.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung der täglichen Dynamik der posturalen Kontrolle bei Badmintonspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098869</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098869</guid>
      <author>Nazarenko, A.</author>
      <author>Mavliev, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kontrolle</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Haltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stabilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gleichgewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nazarenko, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mavliev, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to evaluate the daily dynamics of postural control in badminton athletes.

Methods and structure of the study. 16 badminton athletes aged 18 to 22 years old, with a level of sportsmanship ranging from candidate for Master of Sports to Master of Sports of the Russian Federation, were examined. Postural stability was assessed in athletes using a biofeedback stability platform in the morning (07:00-08:00), afternoon (12:00-13:00) and evening (18:00-19:00) on a day of complete rest. 

Results and conclusions. Postural control in athletes demonstrates high individual stability throughout the day. The key factor that significantly affects the quality of the balance function is the presence of visual afferentation. The daily dynamics is most pronounced for the lateral displacement of the pressure center: the morning trend of a shift to the right is replaced by a shift to the left in the afternoon and evens out by the evening. Proprioceptive-vestibular mechanisms work in concert during the day (especially in the absence of vision), while the role of visual control increases during the daytime and evening.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung der körperlichen, physiologischen und neuromuskulären Leistungsparameter von Spitzenseglern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 15:49:38 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098870</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098870</guid>
      <author>Ömer, A.</author>
      <author>Mehmet, S.</author>
      <author>Can, G. Ü.</author>
      <author>Ugur, C.</author>
      <author>Onur, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Segeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Anthropometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körperbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gleichgewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ömer, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mehmet, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Can, G. Ü.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ugur, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Onur, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Elite sailing performance depends on the interaction of anthropometric features, strength-power capacities, postural control, and physiological fitness. However, sex-specific neuromuscular and physiological profiles in competitive sailing remain insufficiently characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to examine sex-related differences in the physical, physiological, and neuromuscular attributes of elite sailors using an integrated laboratory-based test battery.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 26 national- and international-level sailing athletes (14 men, 12 women). Participants completed standardized assessments of anthropometry and body composition, isometric strength, static and dynamic balance, bimanual visual reaction time, anaerobic power (30-s upper- and lower-limb Wingate tests), and maximal aerobic capacity (treadmill VO2max, Bruce protocol). Sex differences were analyzed using multivariate general linear models (MANOVA/MANCOVA), with fat-free mass (FFM) included as a covariate. Pearson correlations were calculated separately for men and women.

Results
A significant multivariate effect of sex was observed. Male athletes demonstrated higher VO2max, greater lower-limb peak power, stronger handgrip and trunk extension strength, and greater sitting height and arm length (p < 0.05, partial eta² = 0.18-0.81). No significant sex differences were found for Wingate fatigue indices, upper-limb peak power, reaction time, or static/dynamic balance measures. After adjustment for FFM, sex differences in handgrip and trunk strength remained significant, whereas the difference in lower-limb peak power became borderline, indicating that muscle mass partly, but not fully, explained the performance gap. Correlation analyses further suggested sex-specific relationships between body composition and performance variables.

Conclusions
Elite sailing performance appears to reflect the combined contribution of anthropometric characteristics, body composition, strength-power output, and postural control rather than a single dominant factor. These findings support the importance of sex-specific profiling and may help inform individualized, role- and class-specific training strategies in competitive sailing.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
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