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    <item>
      <title>Training junger Ruderer vor den Weltmeisterschaften. Einflüsse auf Leistung, Stimmungslage und ausgewählte hormonelle und metabolische Reaktionen</title>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2000 21:40:54 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4005539</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4005539</guid>
      <author>Steinacker, J. M.</author>
      <author>Lormes, W.</author>
      <author>Kellmann, M.</author>
      <author>Liu, Y.</author>
      <author>Reissnecker, S.</author>
      <author>Opitz-Gress, A.</author>
      <author>Baller, B.</author>
      <author>Gunther, K.</author>
      <author>Petersen, K. G.</author>
      <author>Kallus, K. W.</author>
      <author>Lehmann, M.</author>
      <author>Altenburg, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tapering</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Übertraining</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>unmittelbare Wettkampfvorbereitung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Steinacker, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lormes, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kellmann, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Reissnecker, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Opitz-Gress, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baller, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gunther, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Petersen, K. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kallus, K. W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lehmann, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altenburg, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Few data have been published on training of competitive athletes and about metabolic, hormonal and psychological reactions to overreaching (transient over-training) and tapering in successful athletes. METHODS: Training was recorded and effects on mood state and metabolic and hormonal responses were examined in 10 rowers and spares of the coxed eight during preparation for the World Championships 1995. Mood state was determined using the Recovery-Stress-Questionnaire for Athletes. Resting morning blood parameters as well as performance were measured every week over a period of five weeks. RESULTS: Very high training loads of approximately 3.2 hours per day were sustained for 18 days. Maximum performance (Pmax) and maximum lactate (Lamax) were decreased during high-load training phases (overreaching), Pmax, Lamax and endurance increased after the tapering period. There were decreases in gonadal and hypothalamic steroid hormones (fsh, 1h, prolactin, testosterone) during overreaching and increases in these hormones in tapering. Both performance and hormonal indices of training load were reflected by deterioration of recovery in the Recovery-Stress-Questionnaire for Athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Clear signs of overreaching were found after 18 days of intense training of about 3 h.d(-1) in these highly-trained athletes, i.e. decreases in performance, gonadal and hypothalamic steroid hormones and deterioration of recovery in the psychological questionnaire. After tapering values returned to baseline values before the World Championship. The findings indicate that overreaching is an integral part of successful training regimens and can be analyzed by a multi-factorial approach involving biological and psychometric data. ]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Das Training von Junioren-Ruderern: Auswirkungen auf Leistung, Gemütslage sowie ausgewählte hormonelle uund metabolische Reaktionen</title>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2000 21:40:54 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/3032666</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/3032666</guid>
      <author>Steinacker, J. M.</author>
      <author>Lormes, W.</author>
      <author>Kellmann, M.</author>
      <author>Liu, Y.</author>
      <author>Reißnecker, S.</author>
      <author>Opitz-Gress, A.</author>
      <author>Baller, B.</author>
      <author>Günther, K.</author>
      <author>Petersen, K. G.</author>
      <author>Kallus, K. W.</author>
      <author>Lehmann, M.</author>
      <author>Altenburg, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Übertraining</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Emotion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tapering</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Steinacker, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lormes, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kellmann, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Reißnecker, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Opitz-Gress, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baller, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Günther, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Petersen, K. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kallus, K. W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lehmann, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altenburg, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Es sollte Aufhellung in die Problematik der metabolischen, hormonellen und psychologischen Reaktionen auf Overreaching (kurzzeitiges Übertraining) und Tapering erfolgreicher Athleten gebracht werden. 
Das Training und dessen Auswirkungen auf Stimmungslage sowie metabolische und hormonelle parameter von zehn Ruderern und Ersatzmännern des Achters in der Vorbereitung auf die WM 1995 wurden analysiert. 
Die Untersuchungsergebnisse wiesen bei diesen hoch trainierten Athleten klare Anzeichen für Overreaching nach 18 Tagen intensiven Trainings von ca. 3h/d auf, diese zeigten sich in Rückgängen der Leistung, der Steroidhormone von Hypothalamus und Geschlechtsdrüsen sowie einer Verschlechterung der Wiederherstellung in der psychologischen Befragung. Nach dem Tapering kehrten die Werte wieder auf ihre Ausgangsniveaus vor der WM zurück. 
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Overreaching ein intergraler Bestandteil eines erfolgreichen Trainingsaufbaus ist und durch eine Multifaktorenanalyse inkl. biochemischer und psychologischer Datebn analysiert werden kann.]]></content:encoded>
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