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    <item>
      <title>Bewertung von Methoden zur Normalisierung der Muskelkraft bei Elite- und Nachwuchssportlertn</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2002 16:05:22 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/3035070</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/3035070</guid>
      <author>Jaric, S.</author>
      <author>Ugarkovic, D.</author>
      <author>Kukolj, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskelphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Formel</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jaric, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ugarkovic, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kukolj, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Das Ziel der Studie bestand darin, den Exponentialwert b in der Gleichung Fnor =  F.mhoch-b zu bewerten, der a) die normalisierte Kraft unabhängig vom Körpergewicht macht und b) die höchstmögliche Korrelation  zwischen normalisierter Kraft und Standardtests der Bewegungsleistung demonstriert. 
Die Untersuchungen erfolgten mit 13 Gruppen  männlicher und weiblicher Athleten unterschiedlichen Alters und unterschiedlicher sportlicher Spezialisierung. Sie wurden bezüglich  ihrer maxinalen isometrischen Kraft verschiedener Bein-Muskelgruppen sowie im Vertikal- und Standweitsprung getestet.
Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen führten zu dem Schluss, dass die Muskelkraft als Kraft besser berechnet werden sollte auf kg hoch 2/3, als als absolute Kraft  oder Kraft berechnet auf kgKG - um bei Routinetests der Muskelfunktion die Kraft unabhängig von den Körpermaßen berechnen zu können. Dennoch können unterschiedliche und möglicherweise aufgabenspezifische Normalisierungsmethoden  erforderlich sein, um die Leistung verschiedener Bewegungsaufgaben berechnen zu können.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Bewertung von Methoden zur Normalisierung der Muskelkraft bei Elite- und jungen Sportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2002 16:05:22 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4007271</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4007271</guid>
      <author>Jaric, S.</author>
      <author>Ugarkovic, D.</author>
      <author>Kukolj, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Untersuchungsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jaric, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ugarkovic, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kukolj, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: The following equation has been most often used in order to present recorded muscle strength (F) normalised for various measures of body size (such as body mass m) Fnor = F x m-b. Since previous studies have provided inconsistent results, the purpose of the present one was to assess the value of the exponential parameter b (b-value) that (a) provides both the normalised strength independent of body mass and (b) demonstrates the highest possible correlation between the normalised strength and standard tests of movement performance. METHODS: Thirteen groups of male and female athletes of both different age and different sport specialisation were tested for maximal isometric force of various leg muscle groups, as well as for vertical and standing long jump. RESULTS: The data obtained on most of the experimental groups suggested that the b-value close to the theoretically predicted b=0.67, but also different from b=0 and b=1, should be used for calculation of the normalised strength independent of body mass. Although the strength normalised using b=0.67 and b=1 demonstrated higher correlation with jumping performance than the non-normalised strength (i.e., b=0), the data also suggested that b>1 could provide the highest prediction of movement performance. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle strength should be calculated as force per kg2/3 rather than as absolute force or force calculated per kg of body mass in order to assess strength independent of body size in routine testing of muscle function. However, different and probably task specific normalisation methods could be required in order to predict performance of various movement tasks by assessed muscle strength.]]></content:encoded>
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