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      <title>Was macht einen Champion aus? Frühe multidisziplinäre Ausbildung, nicht frühe Spezialisierung, ermöglicht Weltklasseleistungen</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2021 16:24:07 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4071398</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4071398</guid>
      <author>Güllich, A.</author>
      <author>Macnamara, B. N.</author>
      <author>Hambrick, D. Z.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>langfristiger Leistungsaufbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Theorie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spezialisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingskonzeption</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Güllich, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Macnamara, B. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hambrick, D. Z.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[What explains the acquisition of exceptional human performance? Does a focus on intensive specialized practice facilitate excellence, or is a multidisciplinary practice background better? We investigated this question in sports. Our meta-analysis involved 51 international study reports with 477 effect sizes from 6,096 athletes, including 772 of the world`s top performers. Predictor variables included starting age, age of reaching defined performance milestones, and amounts of coach-led practice and youth-led play (e.g., pickup games) in the athlete`s respective main sport and in other sports. Analyses revealed that (a) adult world-class athletes engaged in more childhood/adolescent multisport practice, started their main sport later, accumulated less main-sport practice, and initially progressed more slowly than did national-class athletes; (b) higher performing youth athletes started playing their main sport earlier, engaged in more main-sport practice but less other-sports practice, and had faster initial progress than did lower performing youth athletes; and (c) youth-led play in any sport had negligible effects on both youth and adult performance. We illustrate parallels from science: Nobel laureates had multidisciplinary study/working experience and slower early progress than did national-level award winners. The findings suggest that variable, multidisciplinary practice experiences are associated with gradual initial discipline-specific progress but greater sustainability of long-term development of excellence.]]></content:encoded>
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      <title>Was macht einen Champion aus? Frühe multidisziplinäre Praxis, nicht frühe Spezialisierung, sagt Weltklasseleistung voraus</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2021 16:24:07 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4071284</link>
      <guid>https://www.sponet.de/sponet/Record/4071284</guid>
      <author>Güllich, A.</author>
      <author>Macnamara, B. N.</author>
      <author>Hambrick, D. Z.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>langfristiger Leistungsaufbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spezialisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vielseitigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Güllich, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Macnamara, B. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hambrick, D. Z.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[What explains the acquisition of exceptional human performance? Does a focus on intensive specialized practice facilitate excellence, or is a multidisciplinary practice background better? We investigated this question in sports. Our meta-analysis involved 51 international study reports with 477 effect sizes from 6,096 athletes, including 772 of the world`s top performers. Predictor variables included starting age, age of reaching defined performance milestones, and amounts of coach-led practice and youth-led play (e.g., pickup games) in the athlete`s respective main sport and in other sports. Analyses revealed that (a) adult world-class athletes engaged in more childhood/adolescent multisport practice, started their main sport later, accumulated less main-sport practice, and initially progressed more slowly than did national-class athletes; (b) higher performing youth athletes started playing their main sport earlier, engaged in more main-sport practice but less other-sports practice, and had faster initial progress than did lower performing youth athletes; and (c) youth-led play in any sport had negligible effects on both youth and adult performance. We illustrate parallels from science: Nobel laureates had multidisciplinary study/working experience and slower early progress than did national-level award winners. The findings suggest that variable, multidisciplinary practice experiences are associated with gradual initial discipline-specific progress but greater sustainability of long-term development of excellence.]]></content:encoded>
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