Objective of the present study was to identify the dynamics of the substrate and hormonal changes in highly-skilled athletes specializing in middle-distance running and former track athletes. Methods and structure of the study. This study involved the highly-skilled athletes specializing in track and field athletics, middle-distance running, and former track athletes, who had retired from elite sports. They were subject to an exercise stress test to muscular failure. The physiological and biochemical measurements were taken. Results of the study and conclusions. It was found that the response of the hormone system to physical loads in the athletes who had retired from elite sports differed from that in the active athletes. Adaptation to physical loads was not maintained in the retired athletes. The effects of somatotropin and glucagon on the metabolic processes under physical loads were found to be accompanied by the activity of a sufficiently wide range of catabolic hormones - the hormones of the anterior pituitary lobe, cortex of the adrenal glands, and catecholamines.
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