Background Although fencers compete throughout the day while wearing protective masks and clothing that may restrict airflow and chest expansion, the effect of respiratory functions on fencing performance has not been fully clarified in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the associations between respiratory parameters and various components of sports performance in fencers. Methods Twenty-six professional fencers (mean age: 20.35 ± 5.12 years), each with a minimum of one year of fencing experience, participated in this study. Respiratory functions were assessed using spirometry, while respiratory muscle strength was measured via intraoral pressure assessment. Aerobic performance was evaluated with the 20-meter shuttle run test, anaerobic performance via the vertical jump test, agility and change-of-direction performance with a fencing-specific 4-2-2-4 test, and visual reaction time with the Nelson Hand Reaction Test. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationships between respiratory variables and performance outcomes. Results Moderate positive correlations were observed between FEV1, FEF25-75%, MIP index, MIP peak inspiratory flow, and the number of shuttles, total distance, and VO2 max achieved during the 20-meter shuttle test (P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations were found between MIP (all parameters), FEV1, FVC, vital capacity, MVV, and agility test time, while positive correlations were observed between these respiratory parameters and anaerobic power and vertical jump height (P < 0.05). No statistically significant relationship was found between respiratory parameters and visual reaction time (P > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that respiratory function and inspiratory muscle strength are positively associated with agility, aerobic, and anaerobic performance in fencers, while no association was found with visual reaction time. It is recommended that fencing-specific training programs incorporate respiratory exercises and inspiratory muscle training to enhance overall athletic performance.
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